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Anatomy Test 3 > Lect 1 Intro to CNS > Flashcards

Lect 1 Intro to CNS Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Frontal/coronal plane

A

results in a front piece and a back piece

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2
Q

sagittal plane

A

separates brain down the middle, results in a left and right sides
can be midsagittal which displays both hemispheres or off center

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3
Q

horizontal plane

A

results in a top piece and bottom piece

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4
Q

parasagittal

A

off the mid line

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5
Q

brain main components

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem

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6
Q

Cerebrum components

A

Cerebral hemispheres - cerebral cortex, subcortical grey matter
Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus

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7
Q

Brainstem components

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

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8
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

2

each is divided into 4 (or 5) anatomical lobes

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9
Q

4/5 lobes of the hemisphere

A 
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
-limbic lobe is also described

Frontal–>Parietal–>Occipital = Anterior and go rostral to caudal
temporal inferior to F & P, rostral to Occipital

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10
Q

Central sulcus

A

separates the frontal from the parietal lobe

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11
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

Sylvian fissure

separates teh temporal from the frontal and parietal lobes

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12
Q

Parietooccipial sulcus

A

(see medial view)

separates the occipital from the parietal lobe

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13
Q

Gyrus

A

each ridge of brain

evaginations

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14
Q

sulcus

A

invagination, groove between ridges

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15
Q

Fissures

A

deep sulci

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16
Q

corpus callosum

A

major axonal bundles joining the 2 cerebral hemispheres

limbic lobe forms rim around CC

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17
Q

Major fossae of cranial cavity

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior Cranial fossa

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18
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

sits above orbitals and dasal cavity, frontal lobe fills this fossa

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19
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A

contains temporal lobe

large depression

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20
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

holds cerebellum, entrance of brain stem

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21
Q

cerebellum

A

inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and within posterior cranial fossa

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22
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

occipital lobes are supported inferiorly by the tentorium cerebelli

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23
Q

occipital lobes support and location

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A

supported by tentorium cerebelli

rostral/superior to TC

24
Q

Bones of anterior cranial fossa

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A

Frontal
Ethmoid bone - rostral to sphenoid, root of nose
Sphenoid bone

25
Middle cranial fossa bone make up
Sphenoid temporal bone (parietal bone is not considered part of middle fossa)
26
bones of the posterior cranial fossa
sphenoid bone temporal bone occipital bone (largest)
27
Cerebral cortex
referes to layers of neurons that reside along the outer surface of the cerebrum most of the human cortex is a six layer cortex (neocortex) numbered from outside in
28
neocortex
six layer cortex numbered from pial surface to inner surface | layers defined by types of neurons in each layer
29
gray matter
neuronal cell bodies in CNS, outer layers of pial surface
30
white matter
axons, often myelinated
31
pia mater
grey matter, adhered to surface of brain, not classified as brain matter
32
Cerebral Cortex Transverse Nissl stain
Surface of brain (cortex) is comprised of neurons = grey matter -- stains purple - see purple invaginations as well white matter- axons are unstained
33
Myelin stain coronal section
Gray matter - unstained | white matter - black
34
White matter regions of cerebral hemisphere
corona radiata internal capsule much of interior of cerebrum is right matter
35
Corona radiata
radiating white matter immediately deep to the cortex that fans out like a 'crown'
36
Internal capsule
deep to the corona radiata deep white matter tracts that course between nuclei of the basal ganglia and thalamus 5 Anatomical regions: Anterior limb, Genu, Posterior limb, retrolenticular, (rostral to caudal) & sublenticular
37
Organization of cerebral cortex
highly organized | Brodmann's anatomical areas of human cortex - helps people talk about different sections of the brain
38
Information processing of cerebral cortex
first processed in primary sensory cortices then travels to association cortices (higher order cortical areas) where integration occurs parts of brain that process more info are larger - olfactory is much larger in rats, association corticee much larger in humans
39
diencephalon
hidden in an intact brain from gross inspection | includes: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus
40
thalamus appearance
forms wall of 3rd ventricle mid-sagittal section exposed, cannot see most of it though better viewed from coronal section
41
Thalamus characteristics
bilateral & highly organized comprised of many nuclei Gateway to cerebral cortex - great majority of sensory and motor pathways relay through thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex also receives info from cortical regions
42
hypothalamus
comprises part of the diencephalon important in maintaining internal environment in a physiological range (homeostasis) lots of nuclei, with specific function (not responsible for these nuclei)
43
cerebellum
aka little brain receives extensive sensory input projects to subcortical structures (indirectly) to cortical regions influences motor, cognitive and behavioral functions
44
Brainstem organization
``` Rostral to caudal Midbrain Pons Rostral medulla Caudal Medulla - three pairs of nuclei on dorsal surface ```
45
Spinal cord
continuous with the brainstem at the caudal medulla | spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord to peripheral nerves that carry sensory/motor info to/from the CNS
46
ipsilateral
same side
47
contralateral
opposite side
48
bilateral
both sides
49
unilateral
one side
50
Ventricles
series of continuous spaces deep in the brain that contain cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) 2 lateral ventricles coming together creates the 3rd ventricle 4th ventricle Ventricles produce the cerebrospinal fliud
51
cerebral acqueduct
connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle
52
Layers of meninges
dura mater arachnoid pia mater
53
Dura mater
External meningeal layer - thickest layer
54
Arachnoid
intermediate meningeal layer (together with dura mater cover the surface of the brain) transparent - can see blood vessels
55
pia mater
internal meningeal layer adheres to surface of brain only layer that goes into gyri and sulci

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