Lect. 1 Upper Limbs, SM Function, Posterior Shoulder Region

Question 1

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 1

Synovial, ball, and socket joint

Question 2

What movements are possible at the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 2

Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial and lateral rotation

Question 3

Which muscles act on the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 3

Supraspinatus, Teresa major, long head of triceps brachii, short head of bicep

Question 4

What are the tendons of the rotator cuff?

Answer 4

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Question 5

What do the tendons of the rotator cuff reinforce?

Answer 5

The fibrous capsule of the glenohumeral joint

Question 6

What type of join is the acromioclavicular (AC) joint?

Answer 6

Synovial planar joint

Question 7

What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 7

Synovial hinge joint

Question 8

What type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

Answer 8

Synovial pivot joint

Question 9

What type of joint is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 9

Syndesmosis

Question 10

What type of joint is the intervertebral disc?

Answer 10

Symphyses

Question 11

What covers the articular surfaces of the synovial joint?

Answer 11

A thin layer of articular cartilage

Question 12

What can skeletal muscle exert?

Answer 12

Tension

Question 13

Can skeletal muscle exert tension with or without movement?

Answer 13

With or without movement

Question 14

What is concentric contraction?

Answer 14

Muscle shortening as it contracts

Question 15

What is eccentric contraction?

Answer 15

Muscle contracting as it is stretched out

Question 16

What is the condition for maximal tension production in a muscle?

Answer 16

The sarcomeres are at resting length

Question 17

What happens to the active tension produced by a muscle if it is too stretched out?

Answer 17

It is reduced

Question 18

What muscle is located at the shoulder region?

Answer 18

Deltoid

Question 19

What are the actions of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 19

Abduction of the arm after 15° (middle fibers), flexes the arm (anterior fibers), extend the arm (posterior) fibers

Question 20

What is the innervation of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 20

Axillary nerve

Question 21

Where is the subscapularis muscle located?

Answer 21

Subscapular fossa to the lesser tubercle

Question 22

What is the action of the subscapularis muscle?

Answer 22

Medial rotation of the arm

Question 23

What are the innervations of the subscapularis muscle?

Answer 23

Upper/lower subscapular nerves

Question 24

Where is the supraspinatus muscle located?

Answer 24

Supraspinous fossa to greater tubercle

Question 25

What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 25

Initiates abduction of the arm (0-15°)

Question 26

What muscle initiates abduction of the arm?

Answer 26

Supraspinatus

Question 27

What nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 27

Suprascapular nerve

Question 28

What is the action of the infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 28

Lateral rotation of the arm

Question 29

What nerve innervates the teres minor muscle?

Answer 29

Suprascapular nerve

Question 30

What is the action of the teres minor muscle?

Answer 30

Lateral rotation of the arm

Question 31

What nerve innervates the teres major muscle?

Answer 31

Lower subscapular nerve

Question 32

What is the action of the teres major?

Answer 32

Medial rotation, adduction, extension of the arm

Question 33

What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Answer 33

Lower subscapular nerve

Question 34

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 34

Medial rotation, adduction, extension of the arm

Question 35

What is the innervation of the subscapular nerve?

Answer 35

Thoracodorsal nerve/middle subscapular nerve

Question 36

What is the innervation of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 36

Accessory nerve & C3/C4

Question 37

What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 37

Elevate scapula (upper fibers), retract scapula (middle fibers), and depress scapula (lower fibers)

Question 38

What is the innervation of the levator scapula muscle?

Answer 38

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 39

What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapula muscle?

Answer 39

Transverse process of cervical vertebrae -> superior angle of scapula

Question 40

What is the action of the rhomboids?

Answer 40

Retraction and glenoid down rotation of the scapula

Question 41

What nerve innervates the rhomboids?

Answer 41

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 42

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

Answer 42

Protraction and glenoid up rotation of the scapula

Question 43

What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?

Answer 43

Long thoracic nerve

Question 44

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 44

Depression and protraction of the scapula

Question 45

What nerve innervates the pectoralis minor?

Answer 45

Medial pectoral nerve

Question 46

What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 46

Upper 3-5 ribs -> coracoid process

Question 47

What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?

Answer 47

Upper 8-9 ribs -> medial border of the scapula

Question 48

What is the origin and insertion of the rhomboids?

Answer 48

Nuchal ligament (minor), thoracic vertebrae (major) -> vertebral border above spine (minor), vertebral border below spine (major)

Question 49

What is the action of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 49

Adduction, flexion, medial rotation of the arm

Question 50

What is the action of the sternoclavicular head?

Answer 50

Adduction, medial rotation, & extension when arm is already flexed

Question 51

What nerves innervate the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 51

Medial pectoral nerve (sternoclavicular head), & lateral pectoral nerve (clavicular head)

Question 52

What is the blood supply to the suprascapular artery?

Answer 52

The suprascapular artery arises from the thyrocervical trunk

Question 53

What is the path of the suprascapular nerve in relation to the superior transverse scapular ligament?

Answer 53

The suprascapular nerve passes inferior to the superior transverse scapular ligament

Question 54

What is the path of the suprascapular artery in relation to the superior transverse scapular ligament?

Answer 54

The suprascapular artery passes superior to the superior transverse scapular ligament

Question 55

Where does the dorsal scapular artery often arise from?

Answer 55

The dorsal scapular artery often arises from the 3rd part of the subclavian artery

Question 56

Where does the axillary artery begin?

Answer 56

The axillary artery begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib

Question 57

What runs with the posterior circumflex humeral artery in the quadrangular space?

Answer 57

The axillary nerve

Question 58

What artery is viewed through the triangular space bordered by the long head of the triceps brachii (laterally)?

Answer 58

The circumflex scapular artery

Question 59

How do the cephalic vein and basilic vein typically communicate?

Answer 59

The cephalic and basilic veins typically communicate via the median cubical vein

Question 60

What is the location of the quadrangular space?

Answer 60

Deep to the deltoid muscle

Question 61

What forms the superior border (teres minor) of the quadrangular space?

Answer 61

A muscle innervated by a terminal branch of the brachial plexus (axillary nerve)

Question 62

What lies superolateral to the triangular space?

Answer 62

The lateral long head of the triceps brachii

Question 63

What forms the medial border of the quadrangular space?

Answer 63

The long head of the triceps brachii

Question 64

What forms the lateral border of the quadrangular space?

Answer 64

The surgical neck of the humerus

Question 65

What innervates or passes through the quadrangular space?

Answer 65

The posterior circuflex humeral artery & the axillary nerve