Lecture 01

Question 1

What is the primary species of shrimp farmed in Sri Lanka?

Answer 1

The black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

It is the most commercially valuable species in the region.

Question 2

Where are the majority of shrimp farms located in Sri Lanka?

Answer 2

In the Northwestern coastal belt, especially in the Puttalam, Chilaw, and Mannar districts

These areas have ideal climatic and environmental conditions for shrimp cultivation.

Question 3

What caused the decline in shrimp aquaculture production in the 2000s?

Answer 3

Disease outbreaks, poor management practices, and lack of regulation

A notable disease outbreak was the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV).

Question 4

What initiatives have contributed to the recovery of the shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka?

Answer 4

Government initiatives and introduction of better management practices (BMPs)

Enhanced disease control measures and use of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) broodstock have also played a role.

Question 5

What is the estimated annual production of farmed shrimp in Sri Lanka as of 2023-2024?

Answer 5

Approximately 6,000 to 8,000 metric tonnes

This production level is still below the country’s full potential.

Question 6

What are the main export destinations for Sri Lankan shrimp?

Answer 6

Japan, the USA, the EU, and the Middle East

Shrimp is one of the top aquatic export commodities in Sri Lanka.

Question 7

True or False: The shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka supports thousands of livelihoods.

Answer 7

True

It particularly benefits rural coastal communities.

Question 8

What is the primary threat to the shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka?

Answer 8

WSSV and EMS (Early Mortality Syndrome)

These diseases significantly impact shrimp survival rates.

Question 9

What are the environmental issues associated with shrimp farming?

Answer 9

Mangrove destruction, salinization of soil and water, pollution due to poor effluent management

These issues arise from the practices and infrastructure of shrimp farming.

Question 10

What are the regulatory gaps facing the shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka?

Answer 10

Lack of comprehensive regulations and enforcement, fragmented institutional framework, inconsistent policy support

These gaps hinder effective management and growth of the industry.

Question 11

What type of farming systems are most commonly used in Sri Lankan shrimp aquaculture?

Answer 11

Extensive or semi-intensive systems

These systems limit the industry’s potential for growth and modernization.

Question 12

Which organizations are key regulatory bodies for shrimp aquaculture in Sri Lanka?

Answer 12

Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DFAR), National Aquaculture Development Authority (NAQDA)

These bodies oversee regulations and support for the industry.

Question 13

What efforts are being made to support the shrimp aquaculture industry?

Answer 13

Training and capacity building, introduction of BMPs, subsidies and technical support for hatcheries and feed mills, development of shrimp health management protocols

These efforts aim to enhance the sustainability and productivity of the industry.

Question 14

True or False: Sri Lanka’s shrimp aquaculture industry has no competition from other countries.

Answer 14

False

Countries like India, Vietnam, and Thailand pose significant competition due to better infrastructure.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The main diseases affecting shrimp aquaculture include _______ and EMS.

Answer 15

WSSV

WSSV stands for White Spot Syndrome Virus.

Question 16

What is a major issue related to biosecurity in the shrimp aquaculture industry?

Answer 16

Inadequate biosecurity and monitoring systems

This inadequacy increases the risk of disease outbreaks.

Question 17

What technological advancements are limited in Sri Lankan shrimp farms?

Answer 17

Use of biofloc, RAS (Recirculating Aquaculture Systems), automatic feeding systems

These technologies could improve efficiency and sustainability.

Question 18

What is the current phase of the shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka?

Answer 18

Rebuilding phase

Question 19

What percentage increase in shrimp aquaculture opportunities is noted?

Answer 19

38%

Question 20

Which province is highlighted for expansion into new farming zones?

Answer 20

Northern Province

Question 21

What type of farming systems should be adopted for shrimp aquaculture?

Answer 21

Sustainable and intensive farming systems

Question 22

What are eco-labeled shrimp known for?

Answer 22

Fetching premium prices

Question 23

What type of partnerships are recommended to enhance shrimp aquaculture?

Answer 23

Public-private partnerships

Question 24

What should be strengthened to improve shrimp aquaculture in Sri Lanka?

Answer 24

Disease surveillance and biosecurity

Question 25

What environmental practice is recommended for sustainability?

Answer 25

Mangrove restoration and better waste management

Question 26

What farming model is encouraged to improve shrimp aquaculture?

Answer 26

Cluster farming and cooperative models

Question 27

What is essential for long-term sustainability in the shrimp industry?

Answer 27

Addressing systemic challenges related to disease control, environmental impact, and institutional governance

Question 28

What can help Sri Lanka become competitive in the global shrimp market?

Answer 28

Strategic investment and policy support

Question 29

True or False: The shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka has high production and export levels.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka is currently experiencing _______.

Answer 30

moderate production and export levels

Question 31

What is a key factor for the recovery of the shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka?

Answer 31

Attracting foreign investment and introducing R&D-driven innovations

Question 32

What are the main species in Sri Lanka's shrimp aquaculture?

Answer 32

Penaeus monodon (black tiger), Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg) ## Footnote These species are crucial for the aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka.

Question 33

Which areas are the primary farming locations for shrimp in Sri Lanka?

Answer 33

North Western Province (NWP), Western coastal areas ## Footnote These regions are noted for their shrimp farming activities.

Question 34

What type of farming systems are predominantly used in Sri Lanka's shrimp aquaculture?

Answer 34

Mostly semi-intensive, some intensive ## Footnote This indicates the level of management and input in the farming practices.

Question 35

What is the hatchery dependence in Sri Lanka's shrimp aquaculture?

Answer 35

100% hatchery-bred post-larvae, supply often inadequate ## Footnote This highlights the reliance on hatcheries for shrimp production.

Question 36

What was the economic contribution of shrimp aquaculture to fishery export value in 2013?

Answer 36

8% of fishery export value ## Footnote This figure demonstrates the significance of shrimp aquaculture in the overall fishery sector.

Question 37

How much revenue did vannamei shrimp generate in 2019?

Answer 37

US$5 million ## Footnote This indicates the financial impact of vannamei shrimp on the aquaculture industry.

Question 38

What are some environmental issues associated with shrimp aquaculture in Sri Lanka?

Answer 38

Water pollution, habitat loss, salinization, frequent outbreaks ## Footnote These issues pose significant challenges to sustainability.

Question 39

What are the social impacts of shrimp aquaculture on local communities and fishermen?

Answer 39

Income for farmers, but risks for local communities and fishermen ## Footnote This highlights the dual nature of shrimp aquaculture's impact.

Question 40

Who primarily regulates the shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka?

Answer 40

Private sector-led, with some government oversight ## Footnote This shows the involvement of both private and public sectors in regulation.

Question 41

What recent trends are observed in Sri Lanka's shrimp aquaculture?

Answer 41

Introduction of vannamei shrimp, efforts for sustainable practices ## Footnote These trends indicate a shift towards more sustainable aquaculture methods.

Question 42

Where did the shrimp aquaculture industry initially emerge in Sri Lanka?

Answer 42

Batticaloa District ## Footnote This was the starting point before the industry faced collapse due to the civil war.

Question 43

What caused the initial collapse of the shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka?

Answer 43

Civil war ## Footnote The conflict led to the disruption of the industry in its early stages.

Question 44

In which decade was the shrimp aquaculture industry revived in Sri Lanka?

Answer 44

1980s ## Footnote The revival took place specifically in the Northwestern Province.

Question 45

What factor contributed to the rapid expansion of the shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka?

Answer 45

High income per land unit ## Footnote This economic incentive spurred the growth of the industry.

Question 46

What was the total area utilized for shrimp aquaculture by the end of 1990 in Sri Lanka?

Answer 46

4,539 hectares ## Footnote This figure represents the total area dedicated to shrimp farming.

Question 47

How many total farms were there in the shrimp aquaculture industry by the end of 1990?

Answer 47

1,434 ## Footnote This includes both legal and illegal farms.

Question 48

What was the number of legal shrimp farms by the end of 1990 in Sri Lanka?

Answer 48

530 ## Footnote These farms were operating within the legal framework.

Question 49

What was the number of illegal shrimp farms by the end of 1990 in Sri Lanka?

Answer 49

904 ## Footnote A significant portion of the industry operated outside legal regulations.

Question 50

How many farms were under 2 hectares in size by the end of 1990?

Answer 50

1,099 ## Footnote This indicates a predominance of smaller farms in the industry.

Question 51

How many farms were over 2 hectares in size by the end of 1990?

Answer 51

335 ## Footnote These larger farms represented a smaller segment of the total farms.

Question 52

What is the initial approving body for legal farms?

Answer 52

Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (MOFAR) ## Footnote The MOFAR is responsible for the initial approval of legal farms.

Question 53

Which provincial council is involved in the approval process after MOFAR?

Answer 53

Provincial Council (PC) of the Northwestern Province ## Footnote After initial approval, the process is transferred to the relevant provincial council.

Question 54

What organizations provide recommendations during the approval process?

Answer 54

* NARA (National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency) * CEA (Central Environmental Authority) * CCD (Coast Conservation Department) ## Footnote These organizations ensure environmental and resource management considerations are met.

Question 55

List some requirements for an acceptable farm plan.

Answer 55

* Stock tanks * Sedimentation tanks * Buffer zones/reservations ## Footnote These components are necessary to ensure proper management and environmental protection.

Question 56

What is a key environmental consideration in the approval process?

Answer 56

Minimal damage to the environment ## Footnote This includes measures such as mangrove protection and replantation.

Question 57

Fill in the blank: Approval requires a proper farm plan including _______.

Answer 57

buffer zones/reservations ## Footnote Buffer zones are critical for environmental sustainability.

Question 58

True or False: Flood barriers are encouraged in the farm approval process.

Answer 58

False ## Footnote The approval process emphasizes avoidance of flood barriers.

Question 59

What is a necessary component of the farm management plan?

Answer 59

Periodical monitoring system ## Footnote Regular monitoring is essential for ensuring compliance and environmental protection.

Question 60

What is the percentage increase stated for legal farms?

Answer 60

38% ## Footnote This figure reflects growth in the sector, indicating an increase in legal farming operations.

Question 61

What type of land can legal farms be located on?

Answer 61

Either government or private land ## Footnote This flexibility allows for diverse operational locations for legal farms.