Lecture 1

Question 1

What is Philosophy?

Answer 1

It’s an enterprise that essentially involves a systematic process of deep, critical thinking

Investigation of reason and a search for reasons

The love of wisdom

Question 2

What are the 3 major branches of philosop?

Answer 2

Metaphysics – investigates the structure & nature of reality

Logic – studies the realm of valid reasoning

Epistemology – addresses theories of knowledge, e.g. ‘truth’, ‘beliefs’ and the nature of evidence

Question 3

What is Metaphysics?

Answer 3

investigates the structure & nature of reality

Question 4

What is Logic?

Answer 4

studies the realm of valid reasoning

Question 5

What is Epistemology?

Answer 5

addresses theories of knowledge, e.g. ‘truth’, ‘beliefs’ and the nature of evidence

Question 6

What is Moral Philosophy?

Answer 6

Sub. Ranch of philosophy

AKA ETHICS

the ‘moral’ refers to ‘morality’

Question 7

What a a synonyms for Ethics?

Answer 7

Moral Philosophy

Question 8

What is Morality?

Answer 8

Moral rules, obligations, principles, values, virtues and prohibition that address the questions:

●What does it mean to live morally?
●How should we live well?

Question 9

Through philosophical thinking, we examine?

Answer 9

Our actions

Our omissions

Our moral character

Question 10

What are the two central questions of Western ethics?

Answer 10

What should one do?

How should one be ?

Question 11

What does Science tell us?

Answer 11

Aim to tell us how the world I, what we do and how things work

Question 12

The theory of knowledge that ground the science is called?

Answer 12

Empiricism

Question 13

What is Empiricism?

Answer 13

Empiricism claims that knowledge is created by use of the special senses & its created through experience

Question 14

In empirical thinking, scientists search for?

Answer 14

‘ Facts’ and the ‘Objective truth’

Question 15

What are the methods scientists use in Empirical thinking?

Answer 15

Observations

Measurements

Experiments to formulate and test theories and hypotheses

Question 16

What is Rationalism?

Answer 16

Theory of know that grounds philosophy

Question 17

What theory of knowledge grounds philosophy?

Answer 17

Rationalism

Question 18

What is Rationalism?

Answer 18

Rationalism claims that knowledge can be a priori (prior to sense experience); knowledge can be created through rational thought, or through reason

Question 19

Philosophers seek to propose?

Answer 19

Rational defensible arguments & to examine the merits and criticisms of a wide range of arguments

Question 20

What are examples of philosophical methods?

Answer 20

●Rational argument & counter argument
●Slippery slope arguments
●Argument by analogy
●Examples
●Intuition

Question 21

What are the 3 stages of Rational Argument?

Answer 21

●Propose premise(s)
●Support with reason(s)
●Draw conclusion(s)

Question 22

Define Ethics

Answer 22

Various ways of understanding and examining the moral life

Question 23

What areas influence our ethics?

Answer 23

Personal ethics

Group ethics

Question 24

What is Personal ethics?

Answer 24

These beliefs concern the way we should act, the way we should conduct ourselves and the way we should be towards others

Question 25

What is Group ethics?

Answer 25

This concerns the ethics of a group of people | examples: professional groups as doctors and nurses

Question 26

What influence Group ethics?

Answer 26

* Statements, rules and regulations | * Compliance with these rules

Question 27

Ethics is the same as law True or false?

Answer 27

False It is now

Question 28

Ethics is just a ‘code of conduct’ True or false

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is the Professional ethics for doctors?

Answer 29

Good medical practice- GMC ‘Good doctors make the care of their patients their first concern; they are competent, keep their knowledge and skills up to date, establish and maintain good relationships with patients and colleagues, are honest and trustworthy, and act with integrity.’

Question 30

Usefulness of medical ethics?

Answer 30

The study of ethics prepares medical students to recognise difficult situations and to deal with them in a rational and principled way.

Question 31

What are the two important endeavours in medicine?

Answer 31

* Doctors work to promote patients’ health and their well-being * Doctors aim to prevent patients from being harmed The above two endeavours are moral in nature

Question 32

Why should doctors understand ethics?

Answer 32

1. if you understand morality (including your own); and 2. if you understand ethics and can apply it well in (often) difficult situations; 3. then the care that you give should be morally good; and ultimately 4. the patient’s journey through illness – via the helping, trusting relationship – will be facilitated and it should be less distressing than it might otherwise have been