Lecture 1

Question 1

What is Anatomy and Physiology

Answer 1

The study of the human structure and function, the biology of the human body. It’s a standard study for healthcare.

Question 2

Anatomy

Answer 2

the study of form ( study of internal and external structure and the physical relationship between body parts)

Question 3

Inspection/observation of surface structure

Answer 3

the simplest way to study human anatomy

Question 4

Cadaver dissection

Answer 4

cutting and separating body tissues to reveal tissue relationships

Question 5

Comparative anatomy

Answer 5

study of multiple species to learn about form, function, and evolution.

Question 6

Palpation

Answer 6

Feeling structure with finertips (checking for swollen lymph nodes or taking pulse)

Question 7

Auscultation

Answer 7

listening to natural sounds made by the body

Question 8

Percussion

Answer 8

Examiner taps on the body adn listens to the sound for signs of abnormalities

Question 9

Gross anatomy

Answer 9

visible with naked eye

Question 10

Cytology

Answer 10

study of individual cells with a microscope

Question 11

Histology

Answer 11

study of tissues with a microscope

Question 12

Physiology

Answer 12

Study of function (how living organisms perfrom these vital functions)

Question 13

Surface Anatomy

Answer 13

General form and superficial markings

Question 14

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 14

Structure of major organ systems

Question 15

Regional Anatomy

Answer 15

Study of specific regions

Question 16

Radiographic Anatomy

Answer 16

study of the structure which incluldes the use of X-rays

Question 17

Developmental Anatomy

Answer 17

conception to physical mature

Question 18

Embryology

Answer 18

in utero

Question 19

Pathological Anatomy

Answer 19

Study of structural changes associated with diseases

Question 20

Cell Physiology

Answer 20

Study of the functions of cells

Question 21

Pathophysiology

Answer 21

disease and aging

Question 22

Exercise physiology

Answer 22

during muscular activity

Question 23

Neurophysiology

Answer 23

nerve cells

Question 24

Endcrinology

Answer 24

hormones and how they control body functions

Question 25

Cardiovascular

Answer 25

heart and blood vessels

Question 26

Immunology physiology

Answer 26

body defense mechanisms

Question 27

Respiratory physiology

Answer 27

air passageways and lungs

Question 28

Renal Physiology

Answer 28

Kidneys

Question 29

Molecules (chemical level)

Answer 29

composed of atoms. Large molecules are referred to as macromolecules

Question 30

Celle (cytology)

Answer 30

organelles are microscopic structures in a cell that carry out their individual functions

Question 31

Tissues (histology)

Answer 31

composed of cells

Question 32

Organs

Answer 32

composed of tissues

Question 33

Organ systems

Answer 33

composed of organs

Question 34

Organisms

Answer 34

human beings

Question 35

Organization

Answer 35

maintain order

Question 36

Cellular composition

Answer 36

living matter is always compartmentalized into one or more cells

Question 37

Metabolism

Answer 37

The sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body

Question 38

Catabolism

Answer 38

the breakdown of large complex molecule into smaller simpler ones

Question 39

Anabolism

Answer 39

uses the energy from catabolism for body structure and functions

Question 40

Excretion

Answer 40

the separation of wastes from the tissues and their elimination

Question 41

Responsiveness

Answer 41

Respond to change in their environment

Question 42

Movement

Answer 42

internal (trasporting food, blood) external (through environment)

Question 43

Homeostasis

Answer 43

stability regulation= usually involves a receptor sensitive to a particular stimulus and an effector whose activity has and effect upon the same stimulus. Loss causes illness or death

Question 44

Development

Answer 44

differentiation= unspecialized cells develop into specialized (RBC, WBC from same ancestor) Growth= increase in size

Question 45

Reproduction

Question 46

Evolution

Answer 46

all living species exhibit genetic change from generation to generation and therefore evolve

Question 47

Evolution

Answer 47

all living species exhibit genetic change from generation to generation and therefore evolve

Question 48

Feedback loop

Answer 48

Receptor = senses change Intergrator = control center that responds Effecctor = structures that restore homeostasis

Question 49

Negative feedback loop

Answer 49

A variation outside of normal limits when triggers an automatic response that corects the situation by opposing (opposite) of the original the stimulus

Question 50

Human Thermoregulation

Answer 50

brain senses change in blood temperature. if overheating, vessels dilate in the skin adn sweating beings if too cold, vasoconstriction in the skin adn shivering begins

Question 51

Positive feedback loop

Answer 51

initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates (same direction) the stimulus self-amplifying change = leads to change int eh same direction Normal way of producing rapid changes = occurs with childbirth, blood clotting, protein digestion, and generation of nerve signals

Question 52

Life-threatening fever

Answer 52

Temperature > 108 degress F ( increases metabolic rate, body produces heat even faster) Cycle continues to reinforce itself Becomes fatal at 113 degress F

Question 53

Anatomical Terminology

Answer 53

Terms come from Greeek and Latin roots Naming confusion during the Renaissance - Same structures with different names - Structures named after people (eponyms) Search for uniform international terminology - 1895 Nomina Anatomica (NA) rejected all eponyms --each structure = unique Latin names Terminologia Anatomica was codified in 1998