Lecture 1

Question 1

What is a diagnosis of Autism based on?

Answer 1

behaviour

Question 2

up until the 60s, autism was seen as a symptom of what disorder?

Answer 2

schizophrenia

Question 3

who described severely withdrawn schizophrenic patients to have autism?

Answer 3

The psychiatrist Eugene Bleur

Question 4

Bleur: ‘ withdrawal into…

Answer 4

one’s inner world’

Question 5

who used the word ‘autism’ in the context used today?

Answer 5

psychiatrist Leo Kanner

Question 6

Kanner: ‘ Autistic Distubrances of Affective Contact’ - what term was used?

Answer 6

infantile autism

Question 7

what behaviours did Kanner notice in his clinic: aloneness and an absence of….

Answer 7

emotional contact

Question 8

what behaviours did Kanner notice in his clinic: what sort of routines?

Answer 8

bizarre and repetitive

Question 9

what behaviours did Kanner notice in his clinic: muteness and …

Answer 9

abnormal speech

Question 10

who first described children as autistic?

Answer 10

Kanner

Question 11

The pattern of behaviour termed ‘autistic psychopathy’ was coined by:

Answer 11

Hans Asperger

Question 12

Characteristics of autistic psychopathy:

Answer 12

absence of empathy,
inability to make friendships,
monotone speech/ one-sided convo
specific interests
clumsy movements

Question 13

Who preceded Asperger?

Answer 13

Kanner

Question 14

how did Asperger and Kanner differ?

Answer 14

Asperger did not refer to echolalia as a linguistic issue

Question 15

Bettelheim: theory

Answer 15

refrigerator mother

Question 16

who identified that children with autism experience a pattern of difficulties?

Answer 16

Lorna Wing

Question 17

Triad of impairments:

Answer 17

Social interaction
communication
imagination

Question 18

Kanners’ criteria

Answer 18

Classic Autism

Question 19

Asperger’s criteria:

Answer 19

Asperger’s syndrome

Question 20

most common autism group (15.4/10,000)

Answer 20

mixture of Kanner and Asperger’s

Question 21

who was the first person to use the term ‘Asperger’s syndrome?’

Answer 21

Wing

Question 22

severe:

Answer 22

Kanner’s

Question 23

what edition of the DSM was infantile autism included in?

Answer 23

3rd edition (1980s)

Question 24

DSM-4 ASD disorders:

Answer 24

autism
asperger’s
PDD-NOS

Question 25

how does Asperger’s differ to autism?

Answer 25

cognitive development and language intact in Asperger’s

Question 26

how does the DSM-4 and DSM-5 differ?

Answer 26

domain 1: social communication + interaction lumped together
domain 2: restricted + repetitive behaviours/interests/activities

Question 27

areas of variations in ASD:

Answer 27

speech
intelligence
sensory needs
social skills
special skills

Question 28

can changes in diagnosis explain rise in autism prevalence?

Answer 28

no, only accounts for 25%

Question 29

when do parents notice autistic signs?

Answer 29

first 2 years

Question 30

hallmark of autistic babies:

Answer 30

lack of eye contact

Question 31

what does eye-tracking equipment measure?

Answer 31

socio visual engagement

Question 32

how do ASD and typical ASD 6-months react in eye tracking experiments?

Answer 32

typical focus on the eyes

Question 33

symptom classification and level at 3 years olf could be accurately estimated by…

Answer 33

decline in eye fixation in first 6 months of life

Question 34

Baron-Cohen sample size:

Answer 34

20 autistic children
14 down’s syndrome children
27 clinically normal

Question 35

correct scores in Sally Anne Test

Answer 35

20%: autistic
85%: CN
86%: DS

Question 36

who was the first to notice larger heads in autistic children?

Answer 36

Kanner

Question 37

Neuroimaging revealed that whilst autistic children have larger heads….

Answer 37

there is no difference at birth

Question 38

autistic motor deficits:

Answer 38

atypical coordination
posture
voluntary movement speed

Question 39

dyspraxia in autism:

Answer 39

impaired performance of skilled gestures