Lecture 1

Question 1

What is the Apical dendrite?

Answer 1

It is the Dendrite that connects the soma (Cell body) to the synapses.

Question 2

What is the cell body also called?

Answer 2

SOMA

Question 3

The neuronal cell body is the ______ as other cells.

Answer 3

SAME, in the terms of components and structure.

Question 4

What is the “epithelial blueprint” of neurons?

Answer 4

• Cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
• Cytoplasm: Cystol(incl. cytoskeletal matrix) and membranous organelles.

Question 5

What is the discription and function of Cytoskeleton?

Answer 5

D: Network of protein filaments
F: Structural support; cell movement

Question 6

What is the discription and function of Plasma membranes?

Answer 6

D: Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins
F: Regulates what passes into and out of cell; cell-to-cell recognition

Question 7

What is the discription and function of Endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 7

D: Network of internal membranes
F: Forms compartments and vesicles; participates in protein and lipid synthesis

Question 8

What is the discription and function of the Nucleus?

Answer 8

D: Structure (usually spherical) surrounded by double membrane that contains chromosomes
F: Control center of cell; directs protein synthesis and cell reproduction

Question 9

What is the discription and function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 9

D: Stacks of flattened vesicles
F: Packages proteins for export from cell; form secretory vesicles

Question 10

What is the discription and function of Lysosomes?

Answer 10

D: Vesicles derived from Golgi apparatus that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes
F: Digest worn out organelles and cell debris; play a role in cell death

Question 11

What is the discription and function of Microbodies?

Answer 11

D: Vesicles formed from incorporation of lipids and proteins containing oxidative and other enzymes
F: Isolate particular chemical activities from rest of cells

Question 12

What is the discription and function of Mitochondria?

Answer 12

D: Bacteria like elements with double membrane
F: “power plants” of the cell; sites of oxidative metabolism

Question 13

What is the discription and function of Chromosomes?

Answer 13

D: Long threads of DNA hat form a complex with protein
F: Contain hereditary information

Question 14

What is the discription and function of Nucleolus?

Answer 14

D: Site of genes for rRNA synthesis
F: Assembles ribosomes

Question 15

What is the discription and function of Ribosomes?

Answer 15

D: small, complex assemblies of protein and RNA, often bound to endoplasmic reticulum
F: Sites of protein synthesis

Question 16

What are membranous organelles of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 16

Plasma membrane, Rough endoplasmic reticulum(Ribosomes), Golgi apparatus, Mitochondrion, Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Lysosome, Nucleus(Nucleolus),

Question 17

The cell’s nucleus contain’s the cell’s ______ and serves a _____ center.

Answer 17

genome and serves as a control center

Question 18

What cell organelle contains the nucleolus and chromosomes, which are necessary for the production of proteins within the cell.

Answer 18

Nucleus

Question 19

What is coded into strands of DNA from which the chromosomes are made?

Answer 19

Genetic information in DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 20

What does the nucleolus produce?

Answer 20

Ribosomes

Question 21

What are the subunits of chromosomes?

Answer 21

Genes

Question 22

What induces the production of mRNA?

Answer 22

Genes

Question 23

What is mRNA when activated?

Answer 23

mRNA when activated, is a duplicate of the information contained in the gene (“transcription”)

Question 24

What happens during DNA transcription?

Answer 24

DNA becomes RNA, through using RNA polymerase

Question 25

What happens during Translation?

Answer 25

mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosomes, serving as a template for the production of a protein.

Question 26

Model organisms in Neuroscience: Does the number of genes in an organism’s genome correlate with cellular or organismal complexity?

Answer 26

No does not, much genetic activity is dependent on transcription factors that regulate when and to what degree a given gene is expressed.

Question 27

What is genetic factors dependent on ?

Answer 27

On transcription factors that regulate when and to what degree a given gene is expressed.

Question 28

_____ is used to make RNA through RNA polymerase, which is in turn used to make _____.

Answer 28

DNA; proteins