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KIN 335/336 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is our phrase for this class?

A

Form begets function

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2
Q

Muscles contain hundreds-thousands of individual contractile fibers made of what?

A

mostly collagen, some elastin. they are classified as connective tissue

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3
Q

what is the epimysium?

A

a tough coat of tightly wound collagen which surrounds an entire muscle. Separates from other muscles and structures.

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4
Q

What is a myotendinous junction (MTJ)?

A

MTJs are the ends of a muscle where the epimysium connects with the sarcolemma

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5
Q

what is the perimysium?

A

tough and thick barrier that divides muscle fibers into bundles. it provides pathways for arteries, veins, and nerves.

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6
Q

what is the endomysium?

A

surrounds each muscle fiber and connects to perimysium and basement membranes.

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7
Q

What kinds of arteries and veins run parallel along the surface of muscle?

A

conduit arteries and veins.

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8
Q

What kinds of arteries and veins periodically branch into the belly of the muscle in parallel, with multiple branchings?

A

Perforating arteries and veins.

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9
Q

do arterioles or veins lead into capillary networks which surround each fiber?

A

arterioles.

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10
Q

What advantages does the tortuosity of capillaries possess?

A

increased surface area for diffusion and greater elasticity of microcirculation during stretching and contraction.

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11
Q

in what direction do nerves run relative to a muscle fiber?

A

parallel. just like arteries and veins.

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12
Q

which type of nerve makes up 60% of nervous innervation in skeletal muscle?

A

Motor nerves

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13
Q

In which direction do nerve impulses travel during contraction of a muscle?

A

in an efferent direction (away from the CNS)

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14
Q

Explain the layout of a motoneuron and how it interacts with a muscle fiber.

A

the myelin sheath ends, splitting axons, which sends a terminal branch to each fiber.

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15
Q

what is a motor endplate?

A

the region of a motor neuron that directly interfaces with the fiber. It is located under the terminal axon.

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16
Q

what is the order of nervous innervation?

A

myelin sheath, terminal branches, and motor end plate

17
Q

what kind of nerve represents 40% of the nerves in skeletal muscle?

A

sensory nerves

18
Q

what is the direction of impulses from a sensory nerve?

A

afferent. (toward the CNS)

19
Q

what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

a membranous network that surrounds each myofibril and stores/releases Ca++ to initiate the contraction process.

20
Q

what are transverse (t) tubules?

A

t-tubules are extensions of the sarcolemma that extend inward from sarcolemma, surround each myofibril, and pass completely through the fiber. they pass between the cisternae.

21
Q

approximately how many myofibrils are there per muscle fiber?

A

7000-8000

22
Q

what is the function of a myofibril?

A

to act as the contractile component of a muscle fiber.

23
Q

sarcomeres are columnar, contractile units within myofibrils that lie between where?

A

the z-discs

24
Q

which of actin and myosin is thick which is thin?

A

actin=thin filament
myosin=thick filament

25
Q

How many myosin rods are in each sarcomere?

A
  1. 150 pointing each way towards the z-disks
26
Q

how many actin binding sites does each tropomyosin strand cover?

A

7

27
Q

each tropomyosin contains 1 troponin which contains the binding sites for what?

A

Ca++

28
Q

what is the largest protein the human body?

A

Titin

29
Q

where is titin found in the body?

A

in cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers

30
Q

titin acts as a giant spring that tethers which myofilament within the sarcomere?

A

myosin

31
Q

Titin is the major mechanism for the Frank-Starting mechanism in the heart. What is that mechanism?

A

when heart volume increases from increased blood uptake, the heart will squeeze out blood with a greater force.

32
Q

What is the motor end-plate?

A

it is where the a-motorneuron ends and depolarizes the muscle.

33
Q

SEE NOTES FOR EXCITATION-CONTRACTION COUPLING PROCESS.

A
34
Q

SEE NOTES FOR A,B,C,D STEPS IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION.

A

KIN 335/336 (2 decks)

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