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Environmental and Occupational Health > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Environmental health history

Hippocrates

Achievements and advancements in public health

A

460 BC
Wrote “On Airs, Waters, and Places”
Hippocratic Oath

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2
Q

Environmental health history

Romans

Public Health Advancements

A

300 BC
Sewer systems (aqueducts)

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3
Q

Environmental health history

Pliny the Elder

advancements/achievements

A

200-100 BC
Father of occupational health
documented mining hazards

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4
Q

Environmental health history

Parliament

advancements/achievements

A

1200s
discussions on the coal industry

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5
Q

Environmental health history

Vob Ausberg

advancements/achievements

A

1472
Studied CO, Hg, Pb effects on humans

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6
Q

Environmental health history

Paracelsus

advancements/achievments

A

1567
Studied mine and smelter worker’s diseases
concentration can impact toxicity

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7
Q

Environmental health history

John Graunt

advancements

A

Public health and occumental health studies

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8
Q

Environmental health history

Jenner

advancements

A

cowpox/smallpox innoculation

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9
Q

Environmental health history

Malthus

advancements

A

Overpopulation effects on public health

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10
Q

Environmental health history

Ramazzini

advancements

A

1700s
Diseases of workers

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11
Q

Environmental health history

Percival Pott

advancements

A

1700s
Studied chimney sweeps and testicular cancer

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12
Q

Environmental health history

When did the modern theory of public health become popular?

A

Mid to late 1800s

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13
Q

Environmental health history

John Snow

Advancements

A

Studied water pumps to trace source of cholera in London

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14
Q

Environmental health history

Advancements of the 1800s

A

Bacteriology
Conservation
Sanitation
Toxicology

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15
Q

Environmental health history

Conservation movement

A

Thoreau and stewardship
Theodore Roosevelt
FDR
Focus on environmental protections

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16
Q

Environmental health history

Advancements of the 1900s

A

Workers comp
“The Jungle” and FDA
Lead and insecticide warnings
Emissions laws
Studies on air pollution (dust bowl)
Studies on occupation-specific ailments

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17
Q

Environmental health history

Advancements during WWII

A

Nuclear bomb testing
Wartime research on DDT
“Age of Chemicals”

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18
Q

Environmental health history

Advancements after WWII

changes relating to ph

A

Industrial & agricultural boom
Consumerism takes env toll

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19
Q

Environmental health history

Modern Environmental Movement

A

1950s
Donoroa, PA
London Killer fog

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20
Q

Environmental health history

Silent Spring

A

important for modern env mvmt
thinning eggshells from DDT lead to bird deaths

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21
Q

Environmental health history

Why did the environmental movement stick around in the US?

A

HIGHLY politicized after vietnam
We have a large scientific population
Degredation is visible to us
People were affected by pollution
Env disasters occurred

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22
Q

Environmental health history

Detractors from modern environmental movement

A

Threatened corporations
Seen as the latest fad among “hippies”

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23
Q

Environmental health history

Advancements during the 1970s-80s

A

Clean Water Act
Clean Air Act
TSCA, FIFRA

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24
Q

Current Environmental Health Issues

Study These Flashcards
A

Scientifically complex
Theoretical & far in future
Majorly impacts places far from us
Less motivation for policy action

25
# Environmental health perspectives Four ways we view environmental protection
Stewardship Imperalism Romanticism Utilitarianism
26
# Env hlth perspectives Stewardship
Humans are stewards of nature We hold a privelege to protect the earth
27
# Env hlth perspectives Imperialism
Humans have right to control Controlling nature = respect from god science must control nature
28
# Env hlth perspectives Romanticism
End of 18th century artists, poets, writers reaction to imperialist views exalted in the beauty of nature
29
# Env hlth perspectives Utilitarianism
Happiness is most important Humans should be most valued
30
Environmental health definition
Assessing, understanding, and controlling the impacts of people on their environment & the impacts of the environment on them
31
# Ways to define environment Inner vs Outer Environment
One within and outside the body We are one with our environment
32
# Ways to define environment Personal vs Ambient Environment
We have control over our personal environment but not our ambient environment Personal environment consists of things like our hygeine and behaviors
33
# Ways to define environment Gaseous, Liquid, & Solid Environments
Environments exist in one of these forms People interact with all of them Earth is subject to pollution in all of these forms
34
# Ways to define environment Chemical
Toxic wastes & pesticides in outdoor env Chemicals used in home and industry Preservatives used in foods
35
# Ways to define environment Biological
Organisms in food and water Transmission thru insect and animals Tranmission from person to person
36
# Ways to define environment Physical
Injuries and deaths from accidents Noise, heat, and cold Radiation
37
# Ways to define environment Socioeconomic
Harder to measure and evaulate Economically depressed areas have lower health Disadvanted bear disproportionate risk
38
# Population & environment Problems
Decrease in human mortaility Increase in lifespan and growth Increase in waste production Overconsumption Environmental degredation
39
# Mitigating problems Why is it so hard to control many of these environmental issues?
So many controls in place lead to other problems eg. Incineration of trash leads to atomospheric pollution Discharge of So2 and No leads to acid deposition Discharge of CO leads to global warming Chemicals benefit mankind but harm environment
40
# Population Birth Rate
The number of individuals added to a population thru reporoduction Number of live births per 1000
41
# Population Death Rate
Total deaths divided by population midyear
42
# Population Rate of natural increase
Death rate from birthrate Growth rate without migration
43
# Population Age and Sex distribution
Has effect on birth/death rates probability of dying or giving birth w/in any year depends upon age and sex of the population
44
# Population More Developed Countries | Natural Increase
Low rate of natural increase Birth and death rates are level
45
# Population Less developed countries | Natural Increase
High rate of natural increase Birth rates exceed death rates
46
# Population Immigration
Immigration can cause competition for resources Immigration or emigration reveals things about a country
47
# Population PUSH migration factors
Hardship Persecution Deficit Burden
48
# Population PULL migration factors
Opportunity Freedom Diversity Quality
49
# Population Trends What kept overpopulation at bay for 300,000 years?
Plague, floods, famines, inability to preserve food, pandemics
50
# Population trends What has increased population?
Fire and tools Agricultural practices Industrial revolution Improved public health
51
# Population Trends Population Statistics
Population is growing at a rate of 1.4% annually Overpopulation is the result of this
52
# Population trends Predictions
Population will stabilizie at 11.5 billion Around the year 2150 1.76 billion will be born in LDCs in the next 20 years Urbanization and megacities
53
# Population Urbanization
The mass migration of people to cities
54
# Urbanization Why are so many people moving to cities?
Collapsing rural economies Poverty, landlessness, and lack of jobs Cities have better job opportunities and social services
55
# Urbanization Megacities
Cities with populations over 10 million 21 megacities as of now 9 of 10 largest cities are in developing countries
56
# Urbanization What are the megacities?
Tokyo New York City Seoul Mexico City Bombay Sao Paulo Osaka LA Cairo Jakarta Beunos Aires Calcutta Moscow Delhi London Rio Istanbul Tehran
57
# Urbanization Problems with megacities
Problems with sanitation less protection for humans and env pollution spread of disease highly vulnerable to natural disasters slums strain on health systems
58
Thomas Malthus
Essay on the principle of population (1798) Population will grow faster than it can be fed Population grows exponentially, agriculture grows arithmetically

Environmental and Occupational Health (2 decks)

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