Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the 4 key functions of the GI tract?

Answer 1

Motility, secretion, digestion and absorption

Question 2

What motility occurs in the oral cavity?

Answer 2

Chewing and swallowing

Question 3

What secretion occurs in the oral cavity?

Answer 3

Mainly amylase, some lingual lipase and some protease.

Question 4

What digestion occurs in the oral cavity?

Answer 4

Mainly of carbohydrates by salivary amylase. only some digestion of lipids and proteins

Question 5

Is there any absorption in the oral cavity?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What is the motility of the oesophagus called?

Answer 6

Peristalsis

Question 7

What are the three types of salivary gland?

Answer 7

Parotid, submandibular and sublingual

Question 8

What type of saliva is secreted by the parotid salivary glands?

Answer 8

Watery

Question 9

What type of saliva is secreted by the sublingual glands?

Answer 9

Thick mucus saliva

Question 10

What type of saliva is secreted by the submandibular glands?

Answer 10

Mixture of both watery and mucus

Question 11

What motility occurs in the stomach?

Answer 11

Peristalsis

Question 12

What do parietal cells secrete?

Answer 12

HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 13

What is the purpose of HCl?

Answer 13

Activates pepsin and is antibacterial

Question 14

What does intrinsic factor do?

Answer 14

Complexes with vitamin B12 to aid its absorption

Question 15

What do chief cells secrete?

Answer 15

Pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Question 16

What does pepsinogen do?

Answer 16

Activated by low pH to pepsin for protein digestion

Question 17

What does gastric lipase do?

Answer 17

Digests fat

Question 18

What do D cells secrete?

Answer 18

Somatostatin

Question 19

What does somatostatin do?

Answer 19

Inhibits gastric acid secretion

Question 20

What do G cells secrete?

Answer 20

Gastrin

Question 21

What does gastrin do?

Answer 21

Promotes gastric acid secretion

Question 22

What do mucus neck cells secrete?

Answer 22

Mucus and bicarbonate

Question 23

What does mucus do?

Answer 23

Physical barrier between epithelium and lumen contents

Question 24

What does bicarbonate do?

Answer 24

Buffers gastric acid to protect the epithelium

Question 25

What do ECL cells secrete?

Answer 25

Histamine

Question 26

What is histamine for?

Answer 26

Stimulates gastric acid secretion

Question 27

What 2 main substances are digested in the stomach?

Answer 27

Fats and proteins

Question 28

What can be absorbed in the stomach?

Answer 28

Alcohol and lipid soluble substances/drugs like NSAIDS.

Question 29

What is motility like in the small intestine?

Answer 29

Slow which allows for time for mixing up with enzymes and bicarbonate secretions

Question 30

What organs secrete substances into the small intestine?

Answer 30

The pancreas secretes enzymes and bicarbonate, the gall bladder secretes bile.

Question 31

What secretions occur in small intestines?

Answer 31

Mucus from goblet cells, hormones such as CCK, secretin and GIP

Question 32

What is digested in the small intestines?

Answer 32

Carbohydrates, fats, polypeptides, nucleic acids

Question 33

How are proteins absorbed in the small intestine?

Answer 33

Active transport

Question 34

How is glucose, fructose and amino acids absorbed?

Answer 34

by secondary active transport.

Question 35

How are fats absorbed?

Answer 35

Simple diffusion

Question 36

How are vitamins and minerals absorbed?

Answer 36

Active transport

Question 37

How is water absorbed?

Answer 37

Osmosis

Question 38

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 38

Fluid absorption

Question 39

What is secreted in the large intestine?

Answer 39

Mucus from goblet cells

Question 40

What is the external layer of the GI tract?

Answer 40

Serosa which is connective tissue

Question 41

What are the two layers of muscle?

Answer 41

Longitudinal and circular

Question 42

What nerve plexus sits between the two layers of muscle?

Answer 42

Myenteric plexus

Question 43

What nerve plexus sits below the circular muscle?

Answer 43

Submucosal plexus

Question 44

What layer is below the circular muscle?

Answer 44

Submucosa

Question 45

What is within the submucosa?

Answer 45

Glands

Question 46

What does the myenteric plexus control?

Answer 46

Motility

Question 47

What does the submucosal plexus control?

Answer 47

Secretions from glands

Question 48

What is below the submucosa?

Answer 48

The muscularis mucosa

Question 49

What is under the muscularis mucosa?

Answer 49

Lamina propria

Question 50

What is under the lamina propria?

Answer 50

Epithelium