Lecture 1

Question 1

History

Answer 1

• Recorded study can be traced to 1600 B.C. In Egypt
• Early medical education often used executed criminals (16-17th century)
• Increased in grave robberies
• Cadavers demand increased, poor were given to medical schools

Question 2

Directional Terms

Answer 2

1. Anterior/posterior
2. Superior/inferior
3. Ventral/dorsal
4. Medial/lateral
5. Proximal/distal
6. Cranial/caudal
7. Superficial/deep

Question 3

Regional Terms

Answer 3

1. Cranial
2. Palmer
3. Plantar
4. Axillary
5. Basal
6. Apical
7. Radial
8. Ulnar

Question 4

Transverse Plane

Question 5

Sigittal Plane

Question 6

Coronal Plane

Question 7

Longitudinal Axis

Question 8

Transverse Axis

Question 9

Sagittal Axis

Question 10

Spinal Curvatures

Answer 10

2 anterior: Cervical and Lumbar
1 posterior: Thoracic

Question 11

Spinal Curvatures: Abnormalities

Answer 11

1. scoliosis – juvenile vs. adult
2. lordosis – Exaggerated lumbar lession. Pregnancy, overweight, weak core
3. kyphosis – exaggerated thoracic lesion/hinch back”. Common with aging and osteoporosis

Question 12

Intervertebral discs: 2 layers

Answer 12

1. Anulusfibrosus– outside layer of fibrocartilage, absorbs compressive force
2. Nucleuspulposus– jelly-like elastic center, extra shock absorption

never want bone-on-bone contact

Question 13

Latissimus dorsi: origin

Answer 13

T7-T12 Spinous processes, posterior sacrum and thoracolumbar fascia

Question 14

Latissimus dorsi: Insertion

Answer 14

Inter-tubercular groove of the humerus

Question 15

Latissimus Dorsi: Action

Answer 15

Adduction, extension and medial (inward) rotation of the humerus

Question 16

Largest back muscle, “wing muscle”

Answer 16

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 17

Rhomboid major: Origin

Answer 17

T2-T5 spinous process

Question 18

Rhomboid major: insertion

Answer 18

Medial border of scapula below spine

Question 19

Rhomboid major: Action

Answer 19

Adduction of the scapulae

Question 20

Rhomboid minor: origin

Answer 20

C7-T1 spinous process

Question 21

Rhomboid minor: insertion

Answer 21

Medial border of scapula above spine

Question 22

Rhomboid minor: action

Answer 22

Adduction of the scapulae

Question 23

Trapezius: origin

Answer 23

External occipital protuberance

Question 24

Trapezius: Insertion

Answer 24

Lateral 3rd clavicle, acromion and scapular spine

Question 25

Trapezius: Action

Answer 25

Elevation, depression, Adduction and stabilization of the scapulae

Question 26

Levator Scapulae: Origin

Answer 26

C1-C4 transverse processes

Question 27

Levator Scapulae: Origin

Answer 27

C1-C4 transverse processes

Question 28

Levator Scapulae: insertion

Answer 28

Superior Medial border of scapula

Question 29

Levator Scapulae: Action

Answer 29

Adducts, and elevates the scapulae

Question 30

Serratus Posterior Inferior: Origin

Answer 30

T11-L2 or L3

Question 31

Serratus Posterior Inferior: insertion

Answer 31

lower borders of ribs 9-12

Question 32

Serratus Posterior Inferior: Action

Answer 32

helps draw the ribs inferiorly and posteriorly during exhalation