Lecture 1

Question 1

key statement of toxicology

Answer 1

dose matters

Question 2

who is the fr of toxicology

Answer 2

paracelsus

Question 3

leading pathogen that infects ventilated patients

gram positive or negative and where is it found

Answer 3

pseudomonas aeruginosa

gram negative

in soil, plants, and animals (can’t birng fresh flowers into hospital)

Question 4

which 2 body systems are the target for oxygen toxicity

Answer 4

respiratory and nervous

Question 5

1st line of host defense

Answer 5

innate (native) immunity

Question 6

humoral vs cell mediated immunity

Answer 6

humoral - involves b cells and antibodies

cell mediatd - involves t cells activating macrophgages

both are part of acquired immunity

Question 7

where does gas exchange occur

Answer 7

the alveoli of the lungs

Question 8

“toxicology” is from what 2 greek words

Answer 8

toxicos and logos

Question 9

founder of the science of toxicology

Answer 9

mathiew orfila

Question 10

who did the marsh test related to arsenic posioning

Answer 10

marie lafarge

Question 11

toxicology is the science of _____

Answer 11

poisons

Question 12

toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of _____ on _____

Answer 12

chemicals on living organisms

Question 13

“a chemical which is found in an organism but is not normally expected to be there, or it is in much higher concentrations than usual”

Answer 13

xenobiotics

Question 14

toxicology is the study of adverse effects that result from the ______ with ______ on _____

Answer 14

interactions with chemical agents on biological systems

Question 15

MODERN TOXICOLOGY goes beyond the study of adverse effects of chemimcals and foes on to study…..

Answer 15

MOLECULAR and CELLULAR biology, using toxic chemicals as tools

Question 16

according to the society of toxicology, why is research important

Answer 16

to improve the health of humans animals and their environment

Question 17

toxicology is a _________ subject, applying basic (what 5 things) to gain an understanding of WHY certain substances cause alteration in biological systems

Answer 17

multidisciplinary

biochemical
chemical
pathological
physiological
epidemiological

Question 18

name the type of toxicology:

“identification of the mechanisms of toxicity at cellular or organismal levels”

Answer 18

mechanistic toxicology

Question 19

name the type of toxicology:

risk assessment and management of chemicals

Answer 19

regulatory toxicology

Question 20

name the type of toxicology:

broad application and their interaction with biological systems

Answer 20

general toxicology

Question 21

name the type of toxicology

explains the toxic agents and their application

Answer 21

descriptive toxicology

Question 22

a ______- toxicologist is concerned with toxicity testing

Answer 22

descriptive

Question 23

name the type of toxicolofy

concerned with disease caused by toxic substances

Answer 23

KEY WORD IS DISEASE - clinical toxicology

Question 24

2 main efforts of clinical toxicology

Answer 24

-treating patients that have been poisoned with the drug

-developing new approaches to treat these intoxication

Question 25

name 5 specialized areas of toxicology

Answer 25

forensic analytical clinical environmental occupational "FACEO"

Question 26

what is PM 2.5

Answer 26

particle size that they can get into the alveoli and prevent gas exchange

Question 27

where do MOST toxicologists work

Answer 27

in INDUSTRIES - doing research next is academic institutions and then government (regulatory)

Question 28

RISK ASSESSMENT is a very essential part of which type of toxicology

Answer 28

regulatory

Question 29

risk assessment is mainly done by who

Answer 29

the government

Question 30

what does NRC stand for

Answer 30

US Nuclear Regulatory Commission A REGULATORY AGENCY

Question 31

the NRC (US nuclear regulatory commission) is headed by ____(how many) commissioners who are appointed by ____ and confirmed by the ___-- for 5 year terms

Answer 31

5 president senate

Question 32

which regulatory agency has the responsibiliyy of protecting human health and the environment - air and water quality

Answer 32

EPA (environmental protection agency)

Question 33

head of the EPA and how many emplyees

Answer 33

president 18,000

Question 34

mission of OSHA

Answer 34

(occupational safety and health administration) -- to assure the safety and health of american workers by setting standards for safety and health