Lecture 1

Question 1

In epidemiology individuals are :

Answer 1

infected hosts

Question 2

In epidemiology phylogeny displays:

Answer 2

transmission history

Question 3

In epidemiology, population dynamics are :

Answer 3

transmission and becoming non-infectious process

Question 4

In immunology individuals are :

Answer 4

B cells

Question 5

In immunology phylogeny displays:

Answer 5

b cell differentiation

Question 6

In immunology, population dynamics are :

Answer 6

B cell generation and loss process

Question 7

In cancer individuals are :

Answer 7

cells

Question 8

In cancer phylogeny displays:

Answer 8

relationship of different cancer cells and healthy cells

Question 9

In cancer, population dynamics are :

Answer 9

spread and loss of cell types

Question 10

sequences differ due to ?

Answer 10

evolution

Question 11

What is genome data?

Answer 11

data on the genetic material carried by individuals

Question 12

what is phonetic data ?

Answer 12

data on the appearance of individuals

Question 13

a phylogeny starts with one ? and its x?

Answer 13

individual, offspring tracked through time

Question 14

What does Lamrckian evolution say?

Answer 14

evolution is through use and disuse of features

Question 15

According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, natural selection occurs given what?

Answer 15

• multiplication of individuals
• variation in the phenotype of individual
  heredity of the phenotype
• competition between phenotypes to survive and multiply

Question 16

What is the genetic sequence

Answer 16

Order of A,T,G,C and how they appear in every cell

Question 17

Does the phenotype determine the genotype or the other way around?

Answer 17

genotype determines the phenotype, more specifically A, G, C, T rules

Question 18

What is an example of reverse transcription?

Answer 18

HIV, it enters a cell and reversely transcribes to DNA

Question 19

DNA could change due to?

Answer 19

• point mutations
• recombination
• insertion
  -deletion

Question 20

Variation in DNA, causes variation in ?

Answer 20

phenotypes

Question 21

Due to errors during replication, we see?

Answer 21

variation in genotypes and therefore in phenotypes

Question 22

How has Darwin changed now in regards to multiplication?

Answer 22

multiplication (replication) of DNA leads to offspring. DNA genotype determines the phenotype

Question 23

How has Darwin changed now in regards to variation?

Answer 23

variation in the offspring phenotypes occurs due to mutations,recombinations, insertions and deletions in DNA.

Question 24

How has Darwin changed now in regards to heredity?

Answer 24

heredity of the phenotypes occurs due to the DNA being passed on, and the phenotypes being encoded in the genotype

Question 25

what is the problem with the current view of Darwin?

Answer 25

it neglects any impact of the environment, however epigenetic is suggested to transmit environmentally acquired phenotypes like Lamarck said

Question 26

How is data mining done?

Answer 26

we look at wha genomic precisions are varied in HC and UH, to see if there is a certain correlation that the case group has a particular mutation that the other group doesnt

Question 27

sequences are --/independent samples, explain

Answer 27

aren't, they share an evolutionary history the phylogenetic tree

Question 28

What can we tell from a time tree?

Answer 28

we can determine population dynamics such as extinction and speciation from the timing of events in the tree