Lecture 1

Question 1

Comms and Media Relations

Answer 1

news media = intervening public
bring our message to their audience

Question 2

Media relations plan

Answer 2

a strategic plan dealing with news media only

Question 3

news media changes

Answer 3

convergence due to other outlets, media, citizen journalists, fewer staff, more pressures, less space for stories, more competition for that limited space

Question 4

news media considerations

Answer 4

catch media attention by being relevant to needs
every word counts - stay on message
research media to be more effective in communicating messages

Question 5

Comm definitions

Answer 5

establishment of common understanding
transfer of meaning from person to person
stimulation of common symbols in various minds
creation of meaning in others through stimulus response activities

Question 6

What comms does

Answer 6

transfer messages from place to place
transfer message content from one person to another
expresses human interconnection

Question 7

Communication types

Answer 7

verbal v nonverbal
inter/intrapersonal
small group v mass

Question 8

intrapersonal communication

Answer 8

communicating with yourself

Question 9

interpersonal communication

Answer 9

dyadic (one to one)
group (one to a few; networks)
public (one to many)

Question 10

organizational communication

Answer 10

formal hierarchical networks

Question 11

mass/mediated communication

Answer 11

technology; large, dispersed audiences

Question 12

Basic Communication Model

Answer 12

source/encoder to channel/message to receiver/decoder

Question 13

desire effects on receivers

Answer 13

cognitive (change in thinking)
Affective (change in feeling)
Acting (change in behaviour)

Question 14

Communications spectrum

Answer 14

unaware to aware to understand to support to act to commit

Question 15

Mass communication defined

Answer 15

impersonal communication with a diverse audience which has limited opportunity to respond

Question 16

Mass comms characteristics

Answer 16

formalized (has structure)
institutionalized (created/controlled by established org)
sent via technology
impersonal
no face-to-face
delayed feedback

Question 17

mass audience characteristics

Answer 17

large, scattered, anonymous, heterogenous (diverse/varied)

Question 18

elements of mass communication model

Answer 18

source, encoder, message, channel, noise, decoder, receiver/audience, feedback

Question 19

mathematical theory of information/shannon-weaver model:

Answer 19

source to encoder to message/channel to decoder to receiver to feedback surrounded by noise

Question 20

noise

Answer 20

disrupts/interferes with communication

Question 21

channel noise

Answer 21

static on transmission

Question 22

environmental noise

Answer 22

noisy room OR too many messages from too many outlets

Question 23

semantic noise

Answer 23

poorly worded messages

Question 24

cultural noise

Answer 24

cultural beliefs/traditions

Question 25

personal bias noise

Answer 25

based on individual experience/opinions/beliefs

Question 26

narrative model of mass communication (lass well):

Answer 26

who (source) says what (message) through what medium (channel) to whom (audience) to what effect (change in belief/perception)

Question 27

Direct effects theory

Answer 27

AKA magic bullet theory/hypodermic needle - there are universal effects on all individuals who are exposed to mass communication messages

Question 28

limited effects model:

Answer 28

mass comms has limited effects b/c of interpersonal comms and other variables intervening b/w sender and receiver - comms flow through series of filters/mediating factors/influences - may contribute to but does not cause all actions in society

Question 29

uses and gratification theory

Answer 29

public relates own needs/desires to making sense of mass communicated messages - shifts away from what media does to people and more on what people do with media

Question 30

structure v agency

Answer 30

structure = societal constraints on individual action - societal norms/expectations agency: individuals exercise of choice

Question 31

media of mass comms

Answer 31

newspapers, magazines, books, tv, radio, internet BUT NOT SM movies, videos, cds, dvds

Question 32

barriers to good comms

Answer 32

don't respect person not right frame of mind not interested not listening assuming message is understood ideology language differences in experience/intelligent knowledge medium not reaching audience culture economic status

Question 33

good communicators:

Answer 33

thinks content of message through removes semantic noise where possible knows what they can about intended audience seeks understanding considers what they know about sender makes allowances sifts through semantic noise to find meaning seeks understanding