Lecture 1

Question 1

study of chemical kinetics and the reactors in which they occur

Answer 1

chemical reaction engineering

Question 2

study of the factors that influence the rate of reaction and the explanations for the rate of reaction

Answer 2

chemical kinetics

Question 3

any chemical compound or element with a given identity

Answer 3

chemical species

Question 4

the identity of a chemical specie is determined by

Answer 4

the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atom

Question 5

chemical reaction has taken place when

Answer 5

a detectable number of molecules of one or more species have lost their identity and assumed a new form by a change in the kind or number of atoms in the component, and/or by a change in structure or configuration

Question 6

when chemical reactions occur, what is the law assumed

Answer 6

law of mass conservation (the total mass is neither created nor destroyed)

Question 7

the rate of disappearance of a chemical species is

Answer 7

the number of molecules that lose their chemical identity per unit time per unit volume

Question 8

3 basic ways of losing chemical identity

Answer 8

decomposition
combination
isomerization

Question 9

type of reaction that involves one phase

Answer 9

homogeneous reaction

Question 10

type of reaction that involves more than one phase and reaction occurs at or very near the interface between the phases

Answer 10

heterogeneous reaction

Question 11

type of reaction that proceeds in one direction until the reactants are exhausted

Answer 11

irreversible reaction

Question 12

type of reaction that can proceed in either direction, depending on the concentrations of reactants and products relative to corresponding equilibrium concentrations

Answer 12

reversible reactions

Question 13

type of reaction that is one step

Answer 13

single reaction

Question 14

type of reaction that is in series and parallel reactions

Answer 14

multiple reactions

Question 15

refers to how fast or slow a reaction proceeds

Answer 15

reaction rate

Question 16

reaction rate is measured as a

Answer 16

decrease in concentration of the reactants or an increase in concentration of the products

Question 17

the rate at which a given chemical reaction proceeds can be expressed in several ways

Answer 17

1. rate of disappearance of reactants and rate of formation of products
2. rate law

Question 18

rate law is also called

Answer 18

kinetic expression, rate expression, or reaction rate equation

Question 19

where can you find rate laws?

Answer 19

national bureau of standards

Question 20

what can be found in the national bureau of standards?

Answer 20

the activation energy, frequency factor, and reaction order

Question 21

number of atoms or molecules interacting or colliding in a reaction step; it is based on stoichiometric equation

Answer 21

molecularity

Question 22

is the ratio of stochiometric coefficients of species involved in the reaction

Answer 22

relative rates of reactions

Question 23

reactions has an __________ if the reaction order of each species is identical with the stochiometric coefficient of that species for the reaction is written

Answer 23

elementary rate law

Question 24

reactions where overall order cannot be defined or determined based on stoichiometric equations only but must be determined experimentally

Answer 24

non-elementary reactions

Question 25

two types of reaction schemes

Answer 25

non-chain reactions chain reactions

Question 26

non-chain reaction

Answer 26

reactants -> intermediates intermediates -> products

Question 27

chain reaction

Answer 27

reactants -> intermediates intermediates + reactants -> intermediates + products intermediates -> products

Question 28

they are series of elementary reactions involved in reactions that are added to form the overall reaction

Answer 28

reaction mechanisms

Question 29

deducting mechanism from rate law/ approximation methods

Answer 29

1. steady-state approximation 2. rate-determining step/ rapid equilibrium method

Question 30

effect of temperature on reaction rate

Answer 30

1. based on the collision and transition state theory 2. based on arrhenius law

Question 31

explains why there are differences between the mechanisms and rates of reaction

Answer 31

collision theory

Question 32

criteria for collisions to be considered effective

Answer 32

1. there must be enough activation energy 2. the particles must collide with proper orientation

Question 33

provides a reaction pathway which has lower activation energy, thus hastens the reaction without changing the enthalpy of reaction

Answer 33

catalyst

Question 34

It relates the rate of reaction of a species to its concentration at a particular point.

Answer 34

Rate Law

Question 35

The Rate Law is determined by

Answer 35

by experimental observation