Lecture 1

Question 1

What is required for natural selection

Answer 1

Variation
Inheritance
Selection
Time

Question 2

Three domains of life

Answer 2

Bacteria
Eukarya
Archaea

Question 3

Building blocks

Answer 3

Amino acids
Nucleobases
Simple carbohydrates
Glycerol,fatty acids, hydrocarbon rings

Question 4

Macromolecules

Answer 4

Proteins
DNA
RNA
complex carbohydrates
Lipids

Question 5

Monosaccharides

Answer 5

1 single unit building block of carbohydrates

Question 6

Disaccharide

Answer 6

2 single unit building blocks

Question 7

Polysaccharides

Answer 7

Large number of single unit building blocks

Question 8

Starch

Answer 8

Found in plants, made up of two different structures, large chain of glucose monomers

Question 9

Cellulose (fibre)

Answer 9

Made up of glucose monomers only, arrangement very different. Large number stacked on top of each other, chemical bond is different

Question 10

Makes up a nucleotide

Answer 10

Phosphate
Ribose sugar
Base

Question 11

Bases

Answer 11

Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil

Question 12

Functional DNA molecule

Answer 12

Need to take two strands, and link them together

Question 13

Lipids

Answer 13

NOT polymers
Heterogeneous

Question 14

Functions of lipids

Answer 14

Structural
Regulatory functions
Energy

Question 15

Functions of carbohydrates

Answer 15

Recognition
Energy source
Structure
Dietary fibre

Question 16

Proteins

Answer 16

Polymer of amino acids
Molecules at which cells perform their functions in the whole organism

Question 17

Inside of a cell

Answer 17

Living and is live

Question 18

Outside of cell

Answer 18

Not alive

Question 19

Plasma membrane

Answer 19

Keeps the inside in and outsides out (separates inside and outside the cell)
Semi-permeable barrier

Question 20

Plasma membrane allows

Answer 20

Passage of oxygen, nutrients, waste

Question 21

Plasma membrane controls

Answer 21

Movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 22

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 22

Double layer of phospholipids with various embedded or attached proteins

Question 23

Phospholipid bilayer inside and outside

Answer 23

Inside the cell lots of water outside the cell lots of water

Question 24

Viscous

Answer 24

Hard for anything to get through

Question 25

Signal transduction

Answer 25

Relay messages from the body (or environment) into the cell

Question 26

Membrane proteins

Answer 26

Signal transduction Cell recognition Intercellular Linking cytoskeleton & extracellular matrix Membrane transport

Question 27

Passive transport

Answer 27

No energy required Molecules move down concentration gradient

Question 28

Active transport

Answer 28

Energy required Molecules move against concentration gradient

Question 29

Diffusion

Answer 29

The movement of particles of any substance so that they spread out into the available space