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Lecture 1 Flashcards

Organisation of the Human Body (55 cards)

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1
Q

What are the six levels of structural organisation of the body

A

1.Chemical
2.Cellular
3.Tissue
4.Organ
5.System
6.Organismal

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2
Q

What are the four basic tissue types

A

1.Epithelial
2.Connective
3.Muscle
4.Nervous

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3
Q

Give a description of Epithelial

A

Cover body surfaces, lines hollow organs, tubes, cavities and ducts; forms gland

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4
Q

Name Epithelial functions

A

Protection, Filtration, Secretion, absorption and excretion

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5
Q

Give a description if Connective

A

Cells in matrix of fibres and ground substance (including bone & blood)

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6
Q

Name Connective functions

A

Protects, supports, binds organs, stores energy, Transport (blood)

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7
Q

Give a description of Muscle

A

Contractile cells

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8
Q

Name Muscle functions

A

Movement

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9
Q

Give a description of Nervous

A

Conducting nerve cells and supportive neuroglia

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10
Q

Name Nervous functions

A

Detects change and generates nerve impulse

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11
Q

What is Tissue

A

Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function

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12
Q

What is chemical level

A

Building blocks of the body

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13
Q

What is cellular level

A

Basic structural and functional units of body

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14
Q

What is Organ level

A

Structures with specific functions composed of two or more types of tissue

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15
Q

What is system level

A

Consists of related organs with a common function

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16
Q

What is Organismal level

A

All the parts of the body function together to constitute a living organism

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17
Q

What are the 11 systems of the human body

A

1.Integumentary 2.Muscular 3.Skeletal 4.Nervous 5.Endocrine 6.Lymphatic 7.Cardiovascular 8.Respiratory 9.Digestive 10.Urinary, 11.Reproductive- Male & Female

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18
Q

What Organ structures reside in the integumentary (skin) system

A

Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis

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19
Q

What is the function of the epidermis

A

Top layer of skin- protection barrier
Production- Vitamin D

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20
Q

What resides in the dermis

A

Hair follicles, Hair, Sebaceous glands, sweat glands, Nails. Sensory receptors

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21
Q

What is the function of the dermis

A

Feeds epidermis; provides strength and flexibility

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22
Q

What is the function of Hair follicles and hair

A

Sensation from innervation
Protection

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23
Q

What is the function of the Sebaceous glands

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A

Lubricates hair shaft and epidermis

24
Q

What is the function for Sweat glands

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A

Thermoregulation

25
What is the function of Nails
Stiffen and protection
26
What is the function of Sensory receptors
Detects sensations: touch, pressure, temp, pain
27
What is the function of the Hypodermis
Stores Fat and attaches skin to deeper layers
28
What organ structures reside in the Muscular system
Skeletal muscles, Axial muscles, Appendicular muscles, Tendons, Aponeuroses
29
Function of Skeletal muscles
skeletal movement, control of entrances/exits of respiratory, digestive and urinary. Produces heat and protects soft tissues
30
Function of Axial muscles and Appendicular muscles
Provides SUPPORT, positioning of Axial skeleton and move limbs
31
Function of Tendons and Aponeuroses
Translate contractile forces into tasks (flexion and extension)
32
Tendons are...
Rope- like connection -muscle to bone
33
Aponeuroses are...
sheet-like connection- muscle to muscle or also to bone
34
What resides in the skeletal system
1. Bones, joints, Cartialage and ligaments 2.Axial skeleton 3.Appendicular skeleton 4. Bone and Bone marrow
35
Function of Axial skeleton
Protects brain, spinal cord, sense organs and soft tissues of thorax Supports body weight over lower limbs
36
Function of Appendicular skeleton
Provides internal support and positioning of external limbs; support movement of Axial skeleton
37
Function of Bone
stores mineral
38
What are the two types of Bone marrow and their function
Red- Red blood cell production (flat bones- pelvis, sternum, skull ribs) lose some of this with aging Yellow- Stores fat cells (long bones) gain with aging
39
What resides in the Nervous system
1. Central nervous system (CNS) 2.Brain 3.Spinal cord 4.Special senses 5.Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
40
Function of CNS
Control centre- short term control over systems
41
Function of Brain
Complex integrative activities- voluntary and involuntary
42
Function of Spinal cord
Relays information to and from brain
43
Function of Special senses
Sensory input to brain relating to sight, hearing, smell, taste and equilibrium (part of PNS expect optic nerve is CNS)
44
Function of PNS
Links CNS with other systems and sense organs
45
What resides in the Endocrine system
1.Pineal gland 2.Hypothalamus/Pituitary gland 3.Thyroid gland 4.Parathyroid gland 5.Thymus 6.Adrenal gland 7.Kidneys 8.Pancreas 9.Gonads
46
Function of Pineal gland
Day and night rhythms (Melatonin)
47
Function of Hypothalamus/Pituitary glands
Control other Endocrine glands and regulates growth-fluid balance
48
Function of Thyroid gland
Metabolic rate (thyroxine)
49
Function of Parathyroid gland
Calcium levels
50
Function of Thymus
Maturation of lymphocytes
51
Functions of Adrenal glands
Water and mineral balance Tissue metabolism (cortisol) Cardio and respiratory function (adrenaline)
52
Function of Kidenys
Red blood cell production- Blood pressure an calcium levels
53
Function of Pancreas
Glucose control
54
Function of Gonads
Sexual characteristics and reproduction
55

BIOSCI 107 (1 decks)

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