Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Energy Systems > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Fill in the blank: The study of _______ involves the relationship between heat, work, and energy systems.

A

Applied Thermodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name a type of turbine mentioned in the context of thermodynamics.

A
  • Steam turbine
  • Gas turbine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the primary concern of applied thermodynamics?

A

Energy processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the primary concern of thermodynamics?

A

Mechanical work

Thermodynamics focuses on the relationships between heat and mechanical work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define heat engines.

A

Machines that convert heat energy into mechanical work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a turbine?

A

A device that converts fluid energy into mechanical energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a steam turbine?

A

A turbine that uses steam to generate power.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a gas turbine?

A

A turbine that uses gas as the working fluid to produce energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define compressor.

A

A device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a thermodynamic cycle?

A

A series of processes that return a system to its initial state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a working fluid?

A

The fluid that transfers energy in a thermodynamic system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define ideal gas.

A

A hypothetical gas that perfectly follows the gas laws without deviations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an isobaric process?

A

A process that occurs at constant pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an isothermal process?

A

A process that occurs at constant temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an isentropic process?

A

A process that is both adiabatic and reversible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define adiabatic process.

A

A process in which no heat is transferred to or from the system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is throttling?

A

A process that reduces pressure without doing work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is free expansion?

A

A process where a gas expands into a vacuum without performing work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a polytropic process?

A

A process that follows the relationship PV^n = constant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define heat transfer.

A

The movement of thermal energy from one object to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are heat enhancers?

A

Devices that improve the efficiency of heat transfer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is power?

A

The rate at which work is done.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Define enthalpy.
A measure of total energy in a thermodynamic system.
26
What is specific volume?
The volume occupied by a unit mass of a substance.
27
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass by one degree.
28
What is an engine?
A machine that converts one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy.
29
What is work in physics?
Defined as force multiplied by displacement.
30
What is the function of a piston?
It forms a movable wall of the combustion chamber.
31
In a 4-stroke engine, how many power strokes occur in one minute at 2000 rpm?
500 power strokes.
32
Fill in the blank: The TDC is the position of the piston when it forms _______ in the cylinder.
smallest volume.
33
Fill in the blank: The BDC is the position of the piston when it forms _______ in the cylinder.
largest volume.
34
What is the Ideal Gas Law?
PV = nRT.
35
Who first formulated the Ideal Gas Law?
Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron.
36
What is Boyle's Law?
The volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure on it at constant temperature.
37
What is Charles's Law?
At constant pressure, temperature and volume of a gas are directly proportional.
38
What is Gay-Lussac's Law?
When volume is kept constant, pressure and temperature of a gas are directly proportional.
39
What is Avogadro's Law?
Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.
40
What is Avogadro's constant?
6.022 × 10^23.
41
What is the universal gas constant R?
8.314 J/K mol.
42
How do you calculate the pressure of a gas in a tank?
P = mRT/V.
43
What is the formula to calculate the mass of a gas using the ideal gas law?
m = PV/RT
44
If the initial mass of a gas is 6.74 kg, what is the new mass (m2) after subtracting 0.5 kg?
m2 = 6.24 kg
45
During severe winter, if a car tyre has air at -10°C and 190 kPa, what is the new pressure when the temperature increases to 10°C?
204 kPa
46
What is Heat Capacity?
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a body or quantity of substance by 1 K.
47
What is Specific Heat Capacity?
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of substance by 1 K.
48
What does the ratio of specific heats or adiabatic index (Y) represent?
Y = Cp/Cv
49
What is Internal Energy?
Energy of a gas as a result of its temperature.
50
What is the equation for Total Internal Energy (U)?
U = mc_vT
51
What is Enthalpy?
The sum of internal energy and pressure energy: h = u + pv
52
What is the difference between Higher Calorific Value (HCV) and Lower Calorific Value (LCV)?
HCV is obtained when H2O is present as a liquid; LCV is obtained when H2O is present as a vapor.
53
What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
54
What is the equation representing the First Law of Thermodynamics in a closed system?
ΔU = Q + W
55
In thermodynamic processes, what does an isobaric process imply?
Pressure remains constant (dP = 0).
56
What is the work done in a constant volume process?
Zero
57
If a gas's temperature is constant, how does its internal energy change?
Does not change with change in pressure or volume.
58
What is the specific heat capacity of CH4 (methane)?
c_v = 1.70 kJ/kgK
59
How is thermal efficiency defined?
Net work output divided by total heat input.
60
What is the significance of the compression ratio in an Otto cycle?
Higher compression ratios typically increase efficiency.
61
In the air standard Otto cycle, what replaces combustion?
Heat addition at constant volume.
62
What is an assumption made in the air standard Otto cycle?
There is no heat loss during the cycle.
63
What does the equation Q = c(T2 - T1) represent?
The heat transfer in thermodynamic processes.
64
What is the relationship between Cp and Cv?
Cp - Cv = R
65
What is the equation for change in internal energy (ΔU)?
ΔU = c_v(T2 - T1)
66
What is the relationship between the calorific value and hydrogen content in fuels?
LCV = HCV - 207.4% H2 (by mass)
67
In air standard Otto cycle, combustion is replaced by _______ and exhaust process is replaced by _______.
heat addition; volume; heat rejection; volume ## Footnote This represents the processes in the idealized Otto cycle.
68
Which of these is not an assumption made in air standard of Otto cycle?
The compression and expansion are isothermal ## Footnote Compression and expansion in the Otto cycle are assumed to be reversible adiabatic.
69
The air standard Otto cycle consists of _______.
2 reversible isochores, 2 reversible adiabatics ## Footnote This indicates the types of processes involved in the cycle.
70
For an air standard Otto cycle, _______ is a function of temperature level.
efficiency ## Footnote Efficiency can be influenced by temperature but is primarily affected by the compression ratio.
71
Higher the compression level, _______ will be the efficiency.
higher ## Footnote This is derived from the efficiency expression related to the compression ratio.
72
True or False: In the air standard Otto cycle, there is heat loss during the cycle.
False ## Footnote The idealized assumptions of the Otto cycle state there is no heat loss.
73
Fill in the blank: The efficiency expression in an air standard Otto cycle is _______.
1 - 1 / r^(y-1) ## Footnote This formula demonstrates how efficiency relates to the compression ratio (r) and specific heat ratio (y).

Energy Systems (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions