Lecture 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What’s the definition of antisocial behaviour?
AB encompasses act that do not respect societal norms, violate laws or the rights of others, or in the case of children, the expectations of authority figures such as parents or teachers
What’s the definition of aggression?
Any behaviour directed toward another individual that is carried out with the proximate (immediate) intent to cause harm; additionally, the perpetrator must believe that the behaviour wil harm the target & that the target is motivated to avoid the behaviour
What’s the definition of violence?
More specific form of aggression with extreme harm as its goal
What’s the definition of criminality?
Behaviour that is prohibited by law
What does not consist of aggression or violence?
No actions that are unintentional, consensual & ultimately beneficial
What does the Socio-Ecological Model emphasize?
Understanding antisocial behaviour through individual and environmental factors
What are the main perspectives on Antisocial Behaviour (AB)?
Genetic, Evolutionary, Biological, Psychosocial, and Integrated (biopsychosocial)
What is heritability in the context of AB?
About 50% of behavioural differences can be attributed to genetic differences
How do twin and adoption studies help study heritability?
y comparing genetic overlap (e.g., MZ twins vs. DZ twins or adopted siblings)
What is GWAS?
Genome-Wide Association Studies—data-driven exploration of gene-trait links
What is the evolutionary explanation of AB?
Traits like aggression or disinhibition may have offered survival advantages
What systems do biological models focus on?
Brain, hormonal, nervous, and immune systems
What is Social Learning Theory?
AB is learned through observation and reinforcement
What do Social Developmental Models emphasize?
The balance between risk and protective factors across multiple social levels
What is rGE?
Gene-environment correlation: passive, evocative, or active
What is GxE?
Gene-environment interaction—genes influence how one responds to the environment
What is epigenetics?
Environmental factors influence gene expression
How does physical aggression change over life?
Highest in early childhood, decreases with age
What are the three patterns of physical aggression?
(1) Absence, (2) Average then decrease, (3) High and stable
How does indirect aggression develop?
Begins between ages 4–8; can be consistently low, increasing, or stable high
What are the types of aggression by expression?
Verbal, relational, physical, and non-personal (e.g., property damage)
What is indirect vs direct aggression?
Indirect = covert and anonymous; Direct = overt and visible
What is reactive aggression?
Impulsive, emotional response to provocation
What is proactive aggression?
Deliberate, goal-oriented, and often instrumental
