lecture 1

Question 1

non specific drugs

Answer 1

biological effect at relatively high concentrations

Question 2

specific drugs

Answer 2

biological effect at relatively low concentrations. chemical and biological specifity

Question 3

cytoplasmic signalling

Answer 3

polar molecules across membranes

Question 4

cytoplasmic to membrane signalling

Answer 4

e.g. gasses and radicals

Question 5

intramembrane signalling

Answer 5

e.g. hydrophobic molecules, lipids

Question 6

the hill-langmuir equation

Answer 6

allows for the determination of the proportion of total receptor bound at any given concentration of a ligand.

Question 7

potency

Answer 7

a lower concentration is needed to reach the EC50

Question 8

efficacy

Answer 8

amount of effect reached. 100% efficacy=100% response.

Question 9

reversible competitive antagonism

Answer 9

adding antagonist to solution decreases potency but 100% efficacy can still be reached

Question 10

non-competitive antagonism

Answer 10

potency doesnt change, but efficacy goes down

Question 11

irreversible competitive antagonism

Answer 11

no dissociation of antagonist, causes a change in potency and efficacy

Question 12

kinetic subtype selectivity of antagonist

Answer 12

the affinity of a compound can differ depending on the receptor it is bound to

Question 13

inverse agonist

Answer 13

pushes receptor towards resting state so no response will follow if an agonist binds

Question 14

multiple receptor state model

Answer 14

the most frequent conformations depend on the agonists present

Question 15

functional antagonism

Answer 15

target the opposite signalling pathway to inhibit the reaction by promoting the opposing reaction

Question 16

non-receptor antagonists

Answer 16

chemical antagonism, can be neutralizing antibodies, antacids or chelators

Question 17

receptor desensitization

Answer 17

prevents continuous firing of neurons. in beta cells: taking away receptors which will regenerate after a period of time