Lecture 1 & 2 Flashcards
(35 cards)
Four different perspectives
Personal meaning
Public meaning
Critical meaning
Definitional meaning
lived experience
Personal meaning
more literal terms (“disability” means not able) pg. 5 – social determinants of health (different upbringing, different socioeconomic status, etc.)
Public meaning
terminology, disability itself move field further, swinging back to personal meaning to create critical meaning. Looks at power, intellectual, political. Developing terms. Equal human rights. Laws that specify those rights. Social responsibility as well. Overarching legal & social view.
Critical meaning
formal, WHO, pathological lens.
Definitional meaning
When we devalue lived experience – it makes people feel like something is wrong with them, WE are assigning a name, creates _______. Greatest understanding of phenomenon is lived experience
stigma
Historically _______ have been misused to distinguish “us and them” or support the idea of “abnormal vs normal” resulting in consequences
- Stigma
- Discrimination
- Classifying others as different carries with it the perception that others are worth/unworthy or an “outsider”
terms
The terms ________ disability and _________ disability can be useful.
1. Helps w/ identifying the need for supportive services
2. Civil and legal protection in society
3. Assists w/ clarifying and understanding behaviour
4. Classification of sub-systems helps w/ research and targeting interventions or treatments – improving quality of life
5. Supports advocacy efforts and provides clarification
6. Distinguishes and legitimizes issues and sets apart from other areas of interest
intellectual; developmental
- Should always be used
- When referring to an individual use their name first and the supports they require later
- “This is Sarah, a woman we support”
- Is it necessary to use the term intellectual disability of developmental disability?
People first language
Advances in ________, science eradicated diseases and conditions that historically contributed to an increase in disabilities
- Smallpox
- Malaria
- The plague
- Measles
medicine
- Demon position
- Sexual transgression
- Sins / misdeeds
- Curses / omens
- Predictions / prophesies
- Signs of displeasure from the GOD’s
Historical Beliefs & Superstitions
- Expectation that people w/ DID were to be cared for by society
- Subject to discrimination, segregation, persecution, attempted eradication
- Used for entertainment & amusement – poor treatment
Duality of treatment of people w/ developmental and or intellectual disability (DID)
Moral perspective
Lack of distinction & understanding between body & mind
Lack of expectations for large segments of the population
Historical influences
understood that charity toward people with DID was a moral and religious obligation
Moral perspective
- Rise of new ideas, advances in interventions
- Asylyms in the 1800s – viewed as a solution for people that are “dangers and harmful for society”
- Institutions & asylums viewed as an instrument to reform and an innovative way to manage social problems
Industrial revolution and the changing of perspectives
- Supported by politics, sciences, medical
- Belief that integral to society
- Institutions were not originally intended to have negative consequences
- Onset of categorization and subtypes
- Use of terms used to clarify & describe conditions-mental retardation, mental handicap, developmental handicap
o Widely believe that institutions created a “sanctuary” for mental deficiency within the social order, and it was widely believed that these places were both proper and beneficial, not only for society and also for those who spent their lives in them (pg. 28)
Impacts of Institutionalization
The most important factors contributing to the decline of _________:
- Lack of progress
- Lack of knowledge
- Stereotypes
- Overcrowding
- Use of drugs
- Reduced public interest/funding
- Improving community conditions
- Growing interest in equality and human rights
- Dramatic failure of eugenics
institutions
- Inclusion and equality
- Environment – belief that altering the environment can support needs
- Normalization – abandoning stereotypes and ideologies of difference and substituting the principle of inclusion
- Major shift in philosophy and movement toward deinstitutionalization
- Deinstitutionalization movement created a major shift in every aspect of human services
Conceptual basis of Community living
Fear and protection on both sides – protection of society
Staffing problems – high turnover, lower standards of care
Resistance from professional groups and labour unions – concerns for loss of employment for community members employed in institutional settings
The concept of “normalization” of community living shifted the emphasis of inclusion, individual ability, personal fulfilment & enjoyment of life for all people
Social Criticisms of Deinstitutionalization
What is considered normal / abnormal / competent / incompetent / able / disabled – matter of _________
perspective
- Difficult to organize
- Requires new roles, partnerships, committees, families, and the people themselves
- Leadership, relationships, and knowledge required to make a full inclusion and equality a human right is often missing
- Requires collaboration and advocacy for system transformation
- Focus on person centred planning, increased funding, and support vs segregated approaches
- Nothing about us without us
Challenges of moving a social movement forward
Society cannot discount the _________ perspective but challenging the pathological view of “fixing” people to that of supporting, accommodating, adapting, and including is a major shift in attitudes and understanding needed to support equalization & human rights
biomedical
The institution of legal personhood, a perspective that people must have the reasoning and ability to enter legal contracts under the law.
Biomedical view-rise of intellectual testing to determine “normal vs abnormal intelligence”
▶ Pathological view of the person
Social Model of Disability – critical of the disability theory, arises from the feminist movement
▶ Emphasis on redressing harm and focuses on challenging society to consider equality of rights and freedoms.
▶ Considers impairment in society rather than with the perso
THREE PERSPECTIVES
Economics – how financial resources are allocated and/or distributed
Social Assistance and government funding responsibilities
Growth of individualism – person-centred approaches, empowerment, choice
Environmental degradation and primary prevention
Occupational and environmental exposures, toxins, nutritional deficiencies, HIV
▶ Increased environmental pollutants
▶ Decreased medical services
Trends and Issues in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
