Lecture 1-2

Question 1

Medically important properties of bacteria

Answer 1

Common pathogenic mechanisms
Common disease profiles
Methods of diagnosis
Methods of treatment, control, and prevention

Question 2

Phyletic vs phenetic systematics

Answer 2

Phyletic= genetic
Phenetic= phenotypic

Question 3

How might you classify a bacteria

Answer 3

1. Morphology
2. Respiration
3. Metabolism
4. Serology

Question 4

Gram positive

Answer 4

Cell wall of thick peptidoglycan

Question 5

Gram negative

Answer 5

Thin peptidoglycan wall
Complete outer membrane
Includes LPS (endotoxin)

Question 6

Bacterial pathogenesis

Answer 6

Establish a focus of infection
Spread to adjacent or other tissues
Cause change from normal heath or function

Question 7

Establish focus of infection

Answer 7

Transmission from reservoir to portal of entry

Must compete with normal flora and resist innate host defenses

Question 8

Spread to adjacent or other tissues

Answer 8

Penetrate beneath surface

Direct spread

Trojan horse inside a phagocyte

Enter circulatory system

Tissue tropisms

Question 9

Cause disease

Answer 9

Local or systemic

Question 10

Exotoxins

Answer 10

Proteins, immunogenic, toxic in small doses; specific mechanisms of action and specific effects on targets

Question 11

Endotoxins

Answer 11

Lipopetides/lipopolysaccharides

Nonimmunogenic, toxic only in high doses

Indirect systemic effects (through inflammation, fever, etc)