Lecture 1, 2, (Cells, Organelles Etc.) Quiz Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the similarities between Pro and Eukaryote cells (4 similarities)
Plasma Membrane, Cytosol, DNA, Ribosomes
What is a virus ( 2 parts)
DNA or RNA and a protein shell
Eukaryote Cells include what species
Protists, plants, fungi and animals
What is the difference between Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells ?
Eukartotic cells contain Membrane bound Organelles and Prokartotic cells LACK membrane bound organelles. Also the chromosomal organization and cell replication/ division.
Prokaryotic Cells include what species (2 )
Bacteria and archaea
A Typical Prokaryotic cell includes what parts (7)
*Nucleoid-( irregular shaped region containing DNA genetic material), *Ribosomes- protein synthesis, *plasma membrane- where lipids and proteins are suspended, *cell wall- a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane, *cell membrane- surrounds cytoplasm and lets material in and out of cell. *Flagellum- provides mobility to cell, *Capsule- sticky outermost layer
Eukaryote cell- what are the typical parts ( 11+)
*Nucleus- contains chromosomes, genetic material DNA or RNA. *Nucleolus- contains DNA and RNA and it is the ribosome FACTORY! *Cytoplasm- area of suspended membrane bound organelles. Ribosomes- Protein synthesis (decoding info in messenger RNA and forming chains of amino acids to form proteins. *Mitochondrion- generates chemical energy. *Rough ER- production, folding and quality control of proteins. *golgi complex- prepares protein and fat (lipid) for use in side or outside the cell. *smooth Er- metabolism of carbs, production and secretion of steroid, produces fats (lipid). *lysosome- contains the cleaning and digesting enzymes. Can destroy bacteria or virus. *Vacuole- handles waste products. *Secretory vesicle- sac that moves inside and outside the cell. *peroxisome- small organelle that contains reducing enzyme catalase. Others - Chloroplasts( convert light into energy) cell wall( rigid otter cell layer on plants usually) and plasmodesmata ( cell wall channels that allow for trafficking of molecules.
What are the COMMON organelles found in All Eukaryotes? (6)
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, endosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes
What are the additional Organelles that some cells contain? (4)
Include: lysosome/vacuoles, chloroplasts, cell wall, plasmodesmata
What are the differences between an animal and a plant cell? (4 items), and what do they lack? (2 items)
Plants contain- cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata.
They lack- lysosomes and centrioles
How do we study cells? (2 ways)
Microscopy= structure
Where are things, what do they look like?
Biochemistry= function
What do they do?
Definition of Biochemistry
The study of chemical and physiological process occurring within living organisms examples of this include cell fractionation, and gel electrophoresis
What is Microscopy (tool)
Is a very powerful tool that allows for smaller objects to be viewed larger, but cannot tell if proteins are intact or what their functions are.
What are the 2 types of light microscopy?
Brightfield and Fluorescene
What are the 2 types of Electron Microscopy?
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy
What is cell fractionation?
The separating of cell tissues using homogenization and centrifugation
What is gel electrophoresis?
The separation of DNA, RNA and Protein based on their size and electric charge
What is plasma barrier
Selective barrier that allows transfer of oxygen, nutrients and waste in and out of the cell
What does hydrophilic mean (round/oval section)
Likes water, absorbs water
What does hydrophobic mean? (Squiggly pasta section )
Is afraid of water, repels water
What is a pore? (In regards to a nucleus)
Part of the pore complex that regulate entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus.
Nucleus contains what ?
Tightly would DNA that is would into chromosomes
Complex of DNA and proteins is called chromatin
What is a Nucleolus? (Has to do with Ribosomes)
Where ribosomal RNA synthesis occurs
What is a Ribosome?
Synthesis of proteins during translation. It’s a Complex of RNA and Proteins.
