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Turfgrass Development > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Inflorescence is…

A

The Seedhead or Flowering portion of the shoot.

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2
Q

Floret

A

Single flower enclosed by lemma and palea (bracts).

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3
Q

The arrangement of spikelets within an inflorescence is of three primary types called:

A

Spike, Raceme and Panicle.

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4
Q

On an Inflorescence, when the spikelets are directly on the main supporting axis (branch) it is called:

A

a Spike.

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5
Q

When the spikelets within an inflorescence are on pedicels (stalks) attached directly to the main axis it is called:

A

Raceme

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6
Q

When the spikelets within an inflorescence are on born on branches, arising from the main axis, they are called:

A

Panicle

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7
Q

A __________ root develops from the embryo.

A

A Primary Root

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8
Q

A root that arises from any organ, other than the embryo is called a ___________.

A

Adventitious root.

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9
Q

Node

A

Joint of a stem; the region of a stem where the leaf is attached.

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10
Q

Axillary Bud

A

Vegetative bud arising at the junction of the leaf and the stem.

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11
Q

The Spikelet is

A

The basic unit of grass Inflorescence…consists of two Glumes and one or more Florets.

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12
Q

Internode

A

The region of the stem between the nodes.

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13
Q

Leaf Blade is also called a

A

Lamina

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14
Q

Leaf Blade or Lamina. Explain.

A

Upper, flattened portion of the turfgrass leaf, it extends outward at an angle from the sheath.

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15
Q

The lower tubular portion of the leaf that encircles the stem is called the ___________.

A

Leaf Sheath

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16
Q

The Leaf Sheath: 3 options to look for are

A

Open, Closed or Overlap

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17
Q

Arrangement of new leaves within the older leaf sheath is called :

A

Vernation

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18
Q

Vernation can be seen as either ________ or _________.

A

Folded (poa,rye), Rolled (tall fescue)

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19
Q

A band at the junction of the leaf blade and the leaf sheath is called the

A

Collar

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20
Q

The Collar can be described as any of these:

A

Divided, Broad or Narrow

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21
Q

A Ligule is:

A

An appendage on the inner side of the grass Leaf at the junction of the blade and the sheath.

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22
Q

The Ligule. Look for:

A

Absent, Membranous or Hairy

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23
Q

What is the Auricle?

A

Appendages occurring in pairs at the base of the blade.

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24
Q

What do you look for in an Auricle?

A

Absent, Small or Prominant

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25
A Stolon is :
Above ground stem with elongated internodes that arise from an axillary bud extravaginally adventitious roots may develop at it's nodes. It's a STEM....not a root!
26
What is a Rhizome?
A below ground stem with elongated internodes that arises from an axillary bud extravaginally adventitious roots may develop at it's nodes. \*\*same as Stolon but underground
27
What is a Tiller?
An erect, lateral shoot that develops intravaginally from an axillary bud.
28
Define Growth Habit:
The orientation of the shoots. Erect or lying down....rhizomes, stolons or tillers?
29
Flowering Culm
The upper portion of the stem that connects with the Inflorescense,
30
What is the male part of the grass flower?
Stamen
31
What is the female part of the grass flower ?
Pistil
32
C3 means
Cool Season Grass. 3 Molecules
33
C4 means
Warm Season grass. 4 molecules
34
C4 grasses are more efficient at capturing CO2 which allows them to:
Keep Stomata closed, maximize photosynthetic activity and reduce transpiration.
35
C3 growth begins when soil temps reach....
40-45 degrees
36
C3's optimum growth rate occurs when the outside temperatures are at....
60-70 degrees
37
C4 Grasses optimum grown occurs at _____ Degrees.
80-95
38
39
All grasses are members of a single family of plants called:
Poaceae (Po-A-C-A)
40
What is the Mesocotyl?
The mesocotyl is an underground stem segment arising from the seed.
41
C4 Grasses optimum growth ocurs when soil temps reach:
60-65 degrees
42
The Seedhead or Flowering portion of the shoot.
Inflorescence is...
43
Single flower enclosed by lemma and palea (bracts).
Floret
44
Spike, Raceme and Panicle.
The arrangement of spikelets within an inflorescence is of three primary types called:
45
a Spike.
On an Inflorescence, when the spikelets are directly on the main supporting axis (branch) it is called:
46
Raceme
When the spikelets within an inflorescence are on pedicels (stalks) attached directly to the main axis it is called:
47
Panicle
When the spikelets within an inflorescence are on born on branches, arising from the main axis, they are called:
48
A Primary Root
A __________ root develops from the embryo.
49
Adventitious root.
A root that arises from any organ, other than the embryo is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
50
Joint of a stem; the region of a stem where the leaf is attached.
Node
51
Vegetative bud arising at the junction of the leaf and the stem.
Axillary Bud
52
The basic unit of grass Inflorescence...consists of two Glumes and one or more Florets.
The Spikelet is
53
The region of the stem between the nodes.
Internode
54
Lamina
Leaf Blade is also called a
55
Upper, flattened portion of the turfgrass leaf, it extends outward at an angle from the sheath.
Leaf Blade or Lamina. Explain.
56
Leaf Sheath
The lower tubular portion of the leaf that encircles the stem is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
57
Open, Closed or Overlap
The Leaf Sheath: 3 options to look for are
58
Vernation
Arrangement of new leaves within the older leaf sheath is called :
59
Folded (poa,rye), Rolled (tall fescue)
Vernation can be seen as either ________ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
60
Collar
A band at the junction of the leaf blade and the leaf sheath is called the
61
Divided, Broad or Narrow
The Collar can be described as any of these:
62
An appendage on the inner side of the grass Leaf at the junction of the blade and the sheath.
A Ligule is:
63
Absent, Membranous or Hairy
The Ligule. Look for:
64
Appendages occurring in pairs at the base of the blade.
What is the Auricle?
65
Absent, Small or Prominant
What do you look for in an Auricle?
66
Above ground stem with elongated internodes that arise from an axillary bud extravaginally adventitious roots may develop at it's nodes. It's a STEM....not a root!
A Stolon is :
67
A below ground stem with elongated internodes that arises from an axillary bud extravaginally adventitious roots may develop at it's nodes. \*\*same as Stolon but underground
What is a Rhizome?
68
An erect, lateral shoot that develops intravaginally from an axillary bud.
What is a Tiller?
69
The orientation of the shoots. Erect or lying down....rhizomes, stolons or tillers?
Define Growth Habit:
70
The upper portion of the stem that connects with the Inflorescense,
Flowering Culm
71
Stamen
What is the male part of the grass flower?
72
Pistil
What is the female part of the grass flower ?
73
Cool Season Grass. 3 Molecules
C3 means
74
Warm Season grass. 4 molecules
C4 means
75
Keep Stomata closed, maximize photosynthetic activity and reduce transpiration.
C4 grasses are more efficient at capturing CO2 which allows them to:
76
40-45 degrees
C3 growth begins when soil temps reach....
77
60-70 degrees
C3's optimum growth rate occurs when the outside temperatures are at....
78
80-95
C4 Grasses optimum grown occurs at _____ Degrees.
79
80
Poaceae (Po-A-C-A)
All grasses are members of a single family of plants called:
81
The mesocotyl is an underground stem segment arising from the seed.
What is the Mesocotyl?
82
60-65 degrees
C4 Grasses optimum growth ocurs when soil temps reach:

Turfgrass Development (4 decks)

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