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Cloud Computing > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cloud Computing?

A
  • Offers on-demand, remote server, scaleable and elastic computing and storage service
  • The resources used for the service can be metered and users are charged only for resources used
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2
Q

Data Storage in Cloud Computing

A

When data is stored on the cloud, it increases reliability and security + lowers communication costs

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3
Q

Management in Cloud Computing

A
  • The maintenance and security is operated by service providers
  • Operates efficiently due to specialisation and centralisation
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4
Q

Advantages of Cloud Computing

A
  • CPU cycles, storage, network + bandwidth are shared
  • Multiple applications share a system, the peak demands are not synchronised > multiplexing leads to higher resource utilisation
  • Streamline processes – Increase productivity with less people
  • Reduce capital costs – for maintenance and operation costs
  • Cost reduction – creates opportunity to pay as you go
  • Elascity - Accomodate workloads with large ratios
  • User convenience – Can be accessed anywhere at any time
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5
Q

Challenges for Cloud Computing

A
  • Availability: Service provider cannot deliver
  • Data confidentiality + availability
  • Diversity of services: Once a customer is hooked onto one provider > harder to move to another
  • Data transfer bottlenecks; applications are intensive
  • Performance unpredictability - consequence of data resource sharing
  • Resource Management - Hard to manage workloads to run on data stores
  • SECURITY AND CONFIDENTIALUTY CONCERNS, especially healthcare applications
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6
Q

What are the delivery models of Cloud Computing?

A
  • Software as a Service (SaaS) (HIGHEST LEVEL)
  • Platform as a Service (PaaS)
  • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) (LOWEST LEVEL)
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7
Q

What is Service as a Service (SaaS)?

A
  • Outsourced in the Cloud
  • Does not control the cloud infrastucuture/individual application capabilities
  • Not suitable for real-time applications for those where data is hosted externally
  • Applications hosted by a service provider that is provided to customers over a network (cloud technology)
    • CRM
    • Gmail
    • One Drive
    • Desktop software
    • Google Apps
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8
Q

What is Platform as a Service (PaaS)?

A
  • Consumers deploy self-developed or acquired their applications on a computing platform using programming languages
  • The user has control over the deployed application and application hosting environment
  • Does not manage/control the cloud infrastructure network/servers/OS/Storage
  • Not useful when the application is portable and hardware and software must be customised to improve the performance of the application

(.i.e. OS, database, network connection) made available by the provider)

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9
Q

What is Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

A
  • Provides or makes available raw computing resources (process, storage, networks) that consumer use to run arbitrary software
  • Does not have control over the OS, storage, deployed applications and limited control of some network components

Examples:

  • Serer hosting, Storage, Internet access, vitual interfaces
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10
Q

Types of Clouds

A
  • Public Cloud – The infrastructure is made for the public or large industry group owned by the organisation selling cloud service
  • Private Cloud – the infrastructure is operated ONLY for the organisation
  • Hybrid Cloud – Composition of two+ clouds (public, private and community) as unique entities
  • Community Cloud – Infrastructure is shared to several organisations and supports a community with **shared concerns **
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11
Q

List a few Cloud activities

A
  • Virtualisation
  • Call centre
  • Operations management
  • Systems management
  • Technical support and backups
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12
Q

List a few Cloud activities in Security Management

A
  • ID authentication
  • Certification and accreditation
  • Intrusion detection
  • Virus protection
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13
Q

List a few Cloud activities in Cloud service

A
  • Customer assistance online help
  • Subscriptions
  • Business intelligence
  • Reporting
  • Personalisation
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14
Q

Ethical issues of Cloud Computing

A
  • Cloud allows easy distribution for easy storage and transfer of media. This means the media uploaded on the cloud will allow the public to download/use
  • When a company uploads a program on the cloud, others may access it and obtain a copy
  • One’s personal information can be accessed without the user knowing
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15
Q

Cloud Vulnerabilities

A
  • Can e affected by malicious attacks + failures of the infrastructure (.e.g. power failures)
  • Can affect the internet domain name servers
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16
Q

What are the Parallelism levels?

A
  • Bit level parallelism – the number of bits processed per clock cycle called word size increased+ 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit.
  • Instruction-level parallelism – Today’s computers use multi-stage processing pipelines to speed up execution
  • Data parallelism or loop parallelism – The program loops can be process in parallel
  • Task parallelism - Can be decomposed into tasks that is carried concurrently
17
Q

What are the Parallel Computer Architecture?

A
  • SISD (Single Instruction Single Data) Scalar architecture with one prpcessor
  • SIMD (Single Instrution, Multiple Data) - supports vector processing. When an SIMD is issued, the components are carried out concurrently.
  • MIMD (Multiple Instructions, Multiple Data) – a system with several processors that function asynchronously and independently at any time
18
Q

De-permeterisation

A
  • Complex systems of the cloud can be difficult to determine who is responsible
  • IDENTITY FRAUD + THEFT made possible by unauthorised access to personal data + distribution through social media
19
Q

Several types of systems

A
  • Uniform Memory Access (UMA)
  • Cache Only Memory Access (COMA)
  • Non Uniform Memory Access (NUMA)
20
Q

What are Distributed Systems?

A
  • Collection of autonomous computers, connected through a network and distribution software (often) called middleware
  • This enables computers to coordinate their activates and to share system resource for a goal
21
Q

What are the desirable properties of a distributed system

A
  • Access transparency – local and remote information objects are accessed using identical operations
  • Location transparency – Information objects are accessed without knowledge of their location
  • Concurrency transparency – several processes run concurrently using shared information objects without interference among them
  • Replication transparency – Multiple instances of information objects increase reliability without the knowledge of users or application
  • Failure transparency – the concealment of faults
  • Migration transparency – the information objects in the system are moved without affecting the operation performed on them
  • Performance transparency – the system can be reconfigured based on the load and quality of service requirements
  • Scaling transparency – systems + application can scale without change in the system

Cloud Computing (9 decks)

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