Lecture 1

Question 1

What is the 6 levels of structural organisation?

Answer 1

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system organismal

Question 2

Describe what the Chemical structural level is

Answer 2

the building blocks of the body

Question 3

Describe what the Tissue structural level is

Answer 3

a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function

Question 4

What are the 4 major classes if Tissue?

Answer 4

Epithelial, Connective Tissue, Muscle, Nerve

Question 5

Describe what the Organ structural level is

Answer 5

structures with specific functions composed of two or more tissue types

Question 6

Describe what the System structural level is

Answer 6

consists of related organs with a common function

Question 7

Describe what the Organismal structural level is

Answer 7

where all parts of the body function together to constitute a living organism

Question 8

What are the 11 Body Systems?

Answer 8

SMELINURCRD

Question 9

Major component of Integumentary System

Answer 9

Skin and its derivatives, hair, nails and sweat and oil glands.

Question 10

Do all organs belong to only one body system, example??

Answer 10

NO, some organs may belong to more than one system such as the Pancreas (Digestive, Endocrine) or Thymus (Endocrine or Lymphatic system)

Question 11

Describe what a Cellular level is

Answer 11

basic structural and functional units of the body

Question 12

What is the principal function of the Integumentary system?

Answer 12

detects sensation, protection, thermoregulation and Vitamin D synthesis (UVB sends a precursor to calcitriol)

Question 13

What is a calcitriol?

Answer 13

it is the main biological active form of Vitamin D

Question 14

Major component and functions of the Muscular system

Answer 14

components: skeletal and striated muscle
Functions: heat, posture and movement

Question 15

what is a surprising fact about red blood cells?

Answer 15

it is a FLAT BONE and is a CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 16

Major component and Functions of the Skeletal system

Answer 16

Component: Bone, Cartilage, Joint
Functions: support, protection
Red Marrow=produce red blood cells
Yellow Marrow=store lipids(found in medullary cavity) and stores minerals

Question 17

what is the difference between Cartilage and Tendons?

Answer 17

Cartilage connects bones to bones while Tendons connect muscle to bone

Question 18

Component and Functions of the Nervous system

Answer 18

Component: Brain, Spinal cord, nerves, special sensory organs (auditory, optic nerve)
Function: detects stimuli allowing nerve impulses to be produced for body activity regulation (motor function)

Question 19

Major components of the Endocrine System

Answer 19

pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, thymus, pancreas, adrenal gland, ovary, testis

Question 20

Function of the Endocrine system

Answer 20

hormone release for body activity regulation (insulin)

Question 21

Components of the Lymphatic and Immune system

Answer 21

Spleen, lymphatic vessel, lymph node, thoracic duct, thymus, tonsil

Question 22

Function of the lymphatic and immune system

Answer 22

defence, transport of lipids, proteins, lymph cells and fluids (lymphadenopathy)

Question 23

what is lymphadenopathy?

Answer 23

it is when the lymph node is abnormal in size

Question 24

Component of the cardiovascular system

Answer 24

blood, heart, artery and vein

Question 25

Function of the cardiovascular system

Answer 25

transport oxygen, CO2, nutrients and waste, regulation of water content, temperature and acid balance, defence (immune cells)

Question 26

Component of respiratory system

Answer 26

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus and lung

Question 27

Function of the respiratory system

Answer 27

transfer of oxygen AND CO2 between blood and air vocalisation acid-base regulation

Question 28

Component of the digestive system

Answer 28

gastrointestinal tract organs (mouth-->anus) and accessory organs mouth, salivary gland, oesophagus, Liver, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, large and small intestine and anus

Question 29

Function of the digestive system

Answer 29

Digestion, absorption of nutrients, elimination of solid waste

Question 30

Function of Urinary System

Answer 30

urine production, storage and elimination, regulation of blood volume, assist in production blood cells, acid-base balance

Question 31

how much blood cells does the body make per day?

Answer 31

500 billion blood cells

Question 32

Describe what a Epithelial cell is

Answer 32

cells that covers the surface of the body and lines hollow organs, tubes and forms glands

Question 33

Function of Epithelial Cell

Answer 33

Protection, filtration, secretion, absorption, excretion

Question 34

Describe Connective Tissue

Answer 34

Cells in a matrix of fibres and ground substance

Question 35

Function of CT

Answer 35

protection and support BINDS organs together Stores energy Transport (blood)

Question 36

Describe Muscle Cell

Answer 36

Contractile Cells (muscle fibres)

Question 37

Describe Nervous tissue

Answer 37

conduction nerve cells and supportive neuroglia

Question 38

Function of Nervous tissue

Answer 38

detects changes and generates nerve impulses

Question 39

Where does the 4 tissue types of the body develop from?

Answer 39

from the 3 GERM LAYERS Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

Question 40

What tissue does the Ectoderm arise to?

Answer 40

Epithelial | Nervous

Question 41

What tissue does the Mesoderm arise to?

Answer 41

Epithelial Connective most Muscle

Question 42

What tissue does the Endoderm arise to?

Answer 42

Lining of gastrointestinal tract and epithelium of associated glands

Question 43

Which area does the Endoderm not line in the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 43

Oral cavity and anal cavity