Lecture 1

Question 1

monophydont animals

Answer 1

rodents, dolphins

Question 2

diphyodont

Answer 2

humans, cats, dog, cow, horse. have deciduous and permanent teeth

Question 3

homodont

Answer 3

same type of teeth (shark, fish reptiles)

Question 4

heterodont

Answer 4

teeth are different shapes: human, dog, cat

Question 5

brachydont

Answer 5

short crown and long roots

dog, cat, human

Question 6

hypsodont

Answer 6

long crown and short roots. continually erupt

Question 7

two types of hypsodont teeth

Answer 7

radicular(closed true roots–have apex)–horse, cow cheek teeth
aradicular (rodent incisors, rabbits)

Question 8

isognathous

Answer 8

equal jaws. occlusal surface aligned

Question 9

anisognathous

Answer 9

unequal haws. mandible narrower than maxilla (dog, cat, cow, horse)

Question 10

function of incisors

Answer 10

cut, scoop up, pick up,groom

Question 11

canine function

Answer 11

pierce, hold, slash, tear

Question 12

premolar function

Answer 12

hold, carry grind

Question 13

dentigerous cyst

Answer 13

condition that occurs due to abnormal embryonic tooth development

Question 14

embryonic tooth development

Answer 14

dental lamina. off of dental lamina there are invaginations where tooth bud starts to develop from. if have a secondary tooth, it also develops off of that lamina.

Question 15

what does the dental sac form into

Answer 15

the structures that hold the tooth/support the tooth

Question 16

what are the three stages of embryonic tooth development

Answer 16

bud
cap
bell

Question 17

the sac around the enamel does what as the tooth erupts?

Answer 17

it opens, becomes part of the sulcus etc?

Question 18

what happens if the dental sac doesn’t open into the oral cavity? what is this called?

Answer 18

it forms a dentigerous cyst (fluid production in sac that grows?). not painful but destroys tissues

Question 19

apical (term)

Answer 19

root tip

Question 20

coronal

Answer 20

crown area

Question 21

cervical

Answer 21

neck area

Question 22

rostral

Answer 22

towards nose

Question 23

caudal

Answer 23

towards back

Question 24

clinical crown

Answer 24

what is above the gum

Question 25

anatomical crown

Answer 25

to the bottom of the sulcus?

Question 26

attached gingiva

Answer 26

attached to bone. very important for tooth health

Question 27

alveolar mucosa

Answer 27

loose unattached mucosa in the mouth

Question 28

furcation

Answer 28

divisions (bi or tri)

Question 29

apical delta

Answer 29

opening at the apex of the root. animals have multiple openings at the root tip (different than people)

Question 30

pulp chamber

Answer 30

pulp in crown

Question 31

pulp canal

Answer 31

pulp in the root

Question 32

enamel features

Answer 32

``` made by ameloblasts most dense structure in the body--mostly inorganic thickest at the cusp of the tooth unable to regenerate subject to wear ```

Question 33

attrition

Answer 33

tooth to tooth wear

Question 34

dentin features

Answer 34

formed by odontoblasts from mesenchymal/dental papilla continually produced dentinal tubules if open to the outside--cause pain regenerates

Question 35

what are the three types of dentin

Answer 35

primary--pre-eruption secondary--post-eruption, produced throughout life tertiary/reparative--produced in response to trauma

Question 36

what are the features of tertiary/reparative dentin?

Answer 36

unorganized dense decreased tubules

Question 37

what are the structures in the pulp?

Answer 37

odontoblasts at edge. Root apexes with apical canals. There may also be other pulp canals that open into tissue--e.g. in small dogs right at furcation of tooth. allows entry of bacteria more easily

Question 38

what is the pulp comprised of?

Answer 38

``` blood/lymphatic vessels nerves fibroblasts odontoblasts undifferentiated mesenchymal cells--fewer stem cells as age ```

Question 39

why is a young dog more likely to health a damaged tooth?

Answer 39

``` more pulp cavity--allows for swelling. more mesenchymal (undifferentiated cells) to help regrow ```

Question 40

cementum features

Answer 40

what periodontal ligament fibers attach to made by cementoblasts begins at cementoenamel junction gets thicker towards the apex of the tooth At the neck of the tooth, cementum is acellular. resorbed and repaired

Question 41

cementum looks similar to what other tissue in the body

Answer 41

bone

Question 42

what is hypercementosis?

Answer 42

when get extra cementum develop around the root. Can make a tooth impossible to take out completely unless take out the bone above it.

Question 43

what is ankylosis?

Answer 43

the cementum is fused to the bone. Supposed to have fibers that attach tooth to the bone, rather than direct attachment. Very difficult to remove a tooth like that

Question 44

what are periodontal ligament fibers?

Answer 44

they are fibers entrapped within cementum and alveolar bone

Question 45

alveolar bone features

Answer 45

``` supportive resorbs and repairs also known as compact bone/cribriform plate/lamina dura (called this on x-ray) forms socket PDL fibers insert into it ```

Question 46

what should be the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar margin?

Answer 46

less than 1 mm

Question 47

periodontal ligament features

Answer 47

directed in different planes | BV, LV, nerves also present

Question 48

What are the function ofs of periodontal ligaments?

Answer 48

shock absorption attachment protection

Question 49

What is the most likely theory of tooth eruption?

Answer 49

as permanent tooth root forms, the permanent crown contacts the decciduous root and causes root resorption

Question 50

Why can deciduous teeth be retained?

Answer 50

the permanent tooth absent the permanent crown does not contact deciduous root ankylosis--deciduous tooth hormonal

Question 51

masticatory mucosa

Answer 51

firmly attached to underlying tissues. para or keratinized SSE. most prone to stress and trauma: hard palate and attached gingiva

Question 52

linning mucosa

Answer 52

has underlying CT that supports and allows movement

Question 53

specialized mucosa

Answer 53

mouth

Question 54

two types of gingiva

Answer 54

free and attached

Question 55

when does attached gingiva get damaged?

Answer 55

in periodontal dz. can get gum recession or a pocket forming.

Question 56

What is the gingival sulcus?

Answer 56

non keratinized, junctional epithelium that attaches gingiva to tooth. 0.5-2mm in dog, 0.5mm in cat

Question 57

Frenula?

Answer 57

dogs have frenula between front teeth and two others?

Question 58

dorsal papilla

Answer 58

very sensitive, quite large, sometimes mistaken as tumor

Question 59

incisive ducts

Answer 59

pass through palatine fissures, to vomer-nasal organ

Question 60

alveolar juga

Answer 60

can feel where roots of teeth are?

Question 61

structures in the maxilla

Answer 61

caninenes, premolars, molars alveolar juga infraorbital foramen lacrimal

Question 62

How are the mandibles joined?

Answer 62

by a FIBROUS JOINT (not like human)

Question 63

What is the mandibular canal?

Answer 63

a canal that runs along the bottom of the jaw. there are 3 mental foramen that are important for nerve blocks

Question 64

What is the structure of the temoromandibular joint?

Answer 64

mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa of temporal bone that is 2 compartments separated by articular disc

Question 65

What are the components of saliva?

Answer 65

serous and mucoid component

Question 66

If the zygomatic is enlarged, what can you see?

Answer 66

bulging of eye?

Question 67

In cats, what is the large "mass" in the mouth that is actually a salivary gland?

Answer 67

lingual and buccal molar--only in the cat