Lecture 1

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

The study of body functions

Question 2

Anatomical position

Answer 2

Standing upright, facing observer at head level, eyes facing forward, feet flat on floor, arms at side with Palma facing forward.

Important for describing location and relationship of organs/body parts

Question 3

Superior (cranial)

Answer 3

Towards head

Question 4

Inferior

Answer 4

Away from head

Question 5

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 5

At back of body

Question 6

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 6

At front of body

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

Near the midline of the body

Question 8

Lateral

Answer 8

Farther from the midline of the body

Question 9

Proximal

Answer 9

Nearer to the attachment of the limb to trunk (or closer to the start of a structure)

Question 10

Distal

Answer 10

Farther from the attachment of limb to trunk (farther from the start of a structure)

Question 11

Superficial

Answer 11

Closer to surface

Question 12

Deep

Answer 12

Farther from surface

Question 13

Axial region

Answer 13

Head, neck, trunk

Question 14

Appendicular

Answer 14

Limbs

Question 15

Plane

Answer 15

Imaginary flat surface that passes through the body

Question 16

Section

Answer 16

Flat surface formed when the body is cut by a plane passing through it

Question 17

Sagittal plane

Answer 17

Divides body vertically into left and right parts

Question 18

Midsagittal plane (median)

Answer 18

Lies on midline

Question 19

Paradagittal plane

Answer 19

Not on midline

Question 20

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 20

Divided body vertically into anterior and posterior parts

Question 21

Transverse plane

Answer 21

Divides body horizontally into superior and inferior

Question 22

Coronal section

Answer 22

Good for looking at right and left side differences

Question 23

Transverse section

Answer 23

Good for looking at right and left side differences but at a different angle

Question 24

Midsagittal section

Answer 24

Good for looking at dorsal and central comparisons

Question 25

Dorsal body cavity

Answer 25

- Closed to outside - Contains organs of the nervous system - includes cranial cavity (inside skull and spinal or vertebral cavity

Question 26

Ventral body cavity

Answer 26

- closed to outside - contains internal organs of the viscera - includes thoracic cavity (inside chest) and abdominopelvic cavity (inside abdomen)

Question 27

Structural organisation (in order)

Answer 27

- chemical level - cellular level - tissue level - organ level - system level - organismic level

Question 28

Chemical level

Answer 28

Atomic and molecular level

Question 29

Cellular level

Answer 29

Contains cells Cell: the smallest Living unit of the body

Question 30

Tissue level

Answer 30

Tissue: group of cells and materials surrounding them that work together on one task

Question 31

Organ level

Answer 31

Grouping two or more tissue types into a recognisable structure with a specific function (organ)

Question 32

System level

Answer 32

Organ system: a collection of related organs with a common function

Question 33

Organismic level

Answer 33

Whole body

Question 34

Homeostasis

Answer 34

Refers to the Maintenance of internal environment within physiological limits required by cells for optimal functioning

Question 35

Homeostasis can be disrupted by

Answer 35

External stimuli: Heat/Coke, intake of fluid, food and various chemicals Internal stimuli: physical and physiological stress

Question 36

Detects change

Answer 36

The receptors detect stimuli (change in controlled variables) and alert the control centre

Question 37

Change in response

Answer 37

Control centre turns signals into 'meaning' and compares the messages to what is already knows is right (set point) and so it 'understands' the meaning then determines the appropriate response

Question 38

Positive feedback

Answer 38

The change enhances (exaggerates) the original stimulus

Question 39

Anatomy

Answer 39

The study of a structure