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Reproduction > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In the canine, litter size increases with age and then decreases after age what?

A

7 years of age

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2
Q

In the canine, puberty is ____-dependent.

A

Weight-dependent (80-85% adult weight)

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3
Q

On average, the canine reaches puberty at ___ to ___ months of age.

A

6 to 15 months of age

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4
Q

Canines are at their peak fertility between what two ages?

A

2 and 7

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5
Q

On average, the feline reaches puberty at ___ to ___ months of age.

A

4 to 12 months (NO LATER)

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6
Q

Felines are at their peak fertility between what two ages?

A

2 and 8

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7
Q

Fertility in the feline decreases after reaching what age?

A

10 years of age

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8
Q

Which reach puberty earlier, short-hair breeds or long-hair breeds?

A

Short-hair breeds

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9
Q

Is the bitch polyestrous or monoestrous?

A

Monoestrus

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10
Q

Is the bitch seasonal or non-seasonal?

A

Non-seasonal

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11
Q

Is the bitch a spontaneous or induced ovulator?

A

Spontaneous ovulator

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12
Q

True or false: in the canine, the luteal phase and pregnancy length are equal.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Does the dog release mature (secondary) or immature (primary) oocytes?

A

Immature (primary)

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14
Q

On average, how long is proestrus in the canine?

A

9 days

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15
Q

What is the progesterone level during proestrus in the canine?

A

<1 ng/ml

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16
Q

In the canine, the end of proestrus is denoted by what?

A

LH surge

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17
Q

Describe the cellular changes occurring within the vagina during proestrus in the dog.

A

Cuboidal cells –> stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

What is the dominant hormone during proestrus in the dog?

A

Estrogen

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19
Q

On long, on average, is estrus in the dog?

A

9 days

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20
Q

What type of cells predominate on vaginal cytology during estrus in the dog?

A

Superficial cells

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21
Q

Following the LH surge, when does ovulation occur?

A

48-60 hours later

22
Q

What separates proestrus from estrus?

A

LH surge

23
Q

Which hormone is dominant in diestrus in the dog?

A

Progesterone

24
Q

How would one differentiate between proestrus and diestrus in the dog?

A

Progesterone levels (higher in diestrus)

25
Q

How long is diestrus in the dog (in days)?

A

50-80 days

26
Q

How long is anestrus in the dog (in days)?

A

90-150 days

27
Q

What is the hormone that triggers pseudopregnancy signs?

A

Prolactin

28
Q

What are the 2 prolactin inhibitors?

A
  1. Bromocriptine

2. Cabergoline

29
Q

What is the dormitory effect?

A

Females tend to sync in their estrus cycles

30
Q

Describe the differentiation of parabasal cells to anuclear cells.

A
  1. Estrogen decreases
  2. Shrinking in cell layers
  3. Cell exfoliation
  4. Desquamation and cornification
31
Q

Which cells types predominate in early proestrus?

A
  1. Parabasal cells
  2. Intermediates
  3. Polymorphonuclear cells (neutrophils)
  4. RBCs
32
Q

Which cell types predominate in late proestrus?

A
  1. Intermediate cells
  2. Superficial cells
  3. No polymorphonuclear cells
  4. Few RBCs
33
Q

Which cell types predominate in estrus?

A

Superficial/anuclear cells

Sometimes bacteria, sperm, etc.

34
Q

Which cell types predominate in diestrus?

A
  1. Superficial cells (<20%)
  2. Intermediate cells
  3. Parabasal cells
  4. Polymorphonuclear cells
35
Q

How long after ovulation is the oocyte considered mature in the dog?

A

2-3 days

36
Q

What is the optimal breeding time post LH surge?

A

5-6 days

37
Q

What is the optimal breeding time post ovulation?

A

2-3 days

38
Q

What is the concentration of progesterone following the LH surge?

A

2-2.5 ng/ml

39
Q

What is the concentration of progesterone following ovulation?

A

4-10 ng/ml

40
Q

LH surge + ____ days –> ovulation + ____ days to mature –> fertile period

A

LH surge + 2 to 3 days –> ovulation + 2 to 3 days to mature –> fertile period

41
Q

In the bitch, secretion of progesterone occurs before or after ovulation?

A

Before ovulation

42
Q

In other mammals, the secretion of progesterone occurs before or after ovulation?

A

After ovulation

43
Q

When do you breed after ovulation with fresh semen?

A

The day after ovulation and then every other day until receptive

44
Q

With vaginal AI using fresh semen, start breeding on day ___ post ovulation. Repeat in ___ days.

A

With vaginal AI using fresh semen, start breeding on day 2 post ovulation. Repeat in 2 days.

45
Q

With surgical AI using fresh semen, start breeding on days ___, ___, or ___ post ovulation.

A

With surgical AI using fresh semen, start breeding on days 2, 3, or 4 post ovulation.

46
Q

Fresh semen has a long life inside the female tract. At minimum ___ hours and up to ___ days.

A

Fresh semen has a long life inside the female tract. At minimum 48 hours and up to 11-14 days.

47
Q

Fresh chilled semen can stay in the female repro tract for up to ___ hours.

A

48 hours

48
Q

With fresh chilled semen, trans-cervical AI should be performed on days ____ and ____ post ovulation.

A

With fresh chilled semen, trans-cervical AI should be performed on days 2 and 4 post ovulation.

49
Q

What is the longevity of frozen semen in the female tract?

A

8-12 hours

50
Q

With frozen semen, trans-cervical AI should be performed on days ___ and ___ post LH surge.

A

5 and 6 days

51
Q

With frozen semen, surgical AI should be performed on days ___ and ___ post ovulation.

A

3 and 4

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