Lecture 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Compartments in neck
Neuromuscular:
Muscles
Cervical plexus
Brachial plexus
Viscerovascular:
Organs
Blood vessels
Cranial nerves
Subdivided by fascial sheaths
Triangles in neck
Anterior
Posterior
Separated by Sternocleidomastoid m
Connection between neck and thorax
Between infrahyoid muscle and thyroid gland
Allows infection to pass through
Fascial space
Between prevertebral and pretracheal space
Infection causes friction in throat and pain in swallowing
Between anterior and middle scalene muscles
Brachial plexus
3rd part of subclavian artery
Lower down on anterior surface of anterior scalene
Phrenic nerve
Pretracheal fascia
Anterior and posterior layers
Buccopharyngeal fascia is posterior portion
Retropharyngeal space
Allows smooth swallowing
Preracheal and fascial space in prevertebral layer
Connects with thoracic cavity (danger)
Roof of posterior triangle
Deep investing fascia & skin
Borders of posterior triangle
Posterior = Trapezius m
Anterior = Sternocleidomastoid m
Inferior (base) = middle 1/3 clavicle
Posterior triangle floor
Prevertebral fascia over (superior to inferior)
- M splenius capitis
- M levator scapulae
- M scalenius posterior
- M scalenius medius
- M scalenius anterior
What is floor of posterior triangle crossed by?
Inferior belly of M omohyoid
Inferior belly of M omohyoid subdivides posterior triangle into
Occipital triangle(superiorly) Supraclavicular triangle(inferiorly)
Posterior triangle divided into careful and carefree areas by
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Contents of posterior triangle
- Occipital artery
Through apex of triangle - External Jugular v
From retromandibular and posteriorauricular vv –ends in subclavian v - 3rd part of subclavian artery
Pressure point against 1st rib - Transverse cervical a
Nerves of posterior triangle
- Lesser occipital n (Carefree)
- Accessory n (CN XI)
- Cervical plexus (Careful)
- Phrenic n on anterior scalene
- Supraclavicular part of brachial plexus (Upper and middle trunks)
Cervical plexus
Around post border of SCM
From C1–C4
- Lesser occipital n–C2(3)
- Great auricular n–C2,3
- Transverse cervical–C2,3
- Supraclavicular nn–C3,4
Ventral rami C1 - C4
Superficial branches at posterior edge of SCM are all sensory:
- Lesser occipital n –C2(3)
- Great auricular n –C2,3
- Transverse cervical –C2,3
- Supraclavicular nn –C3,4
Deep branches pass anteromedially and are motor:
- Phrenic –C3-C5
- Ansa Cervicalis –C1-C3
Ventral rami C1 - C3
Superior root (C1) accompanies Hypoglossal nerve
Inferior root (C2-C3)
Forms loop over IJV
Supplies the ‘Strap’ muscles (ant triangle)
1. Nn. to geniohyoidand thyrohyoid
2. N. to omohyoid
3. Nn. to sternothyroid and sternohyoid
Structures deep to fascia layer
Trunks of brachial plexus
3rd part of subclavian a
Subclavian v
Long thoracic n (C5-7) exits through scalenius medius (to serratus ant m)
Nerve to levator scapulae (C3-4)
Dorsal scapular n(C5) pass between scalenius medius and levator scapulae
Phrenic n(C3-5)
Occipital a at apex of triangle
Transverse cervical and suprascapular aa
Subclavian n (C5-6) – Erb’s point lies anterior to the brachial plexus
Carotid triangle borders
- Post - Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
- Anterosuperior - Posterior belly of digastric
- Antero-inferior - Superior belly of omohyoid
Floor of carotid triangle
- Parts of middle & inferior constrictors
- Thyrohyoid
- Part of hyoglossus
Contents of carotid triangle
- Ansa cervicalis
- Common carotid a (CCA)
- CCA bifurcation into Internal carotid a(ICA) & External carotid a (ECA)
- Branches of ECA
- Internal jugular vein (IJV)
- CN XII (Hypoglossal)
- CN X (Vagus)
- Superior cervical ganglion
- Sympathetic trunk