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Orthopedics and Rheum > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Compartment Syndrome?

A

swelling causes the intra-compartment mmHg to be greater than diastolic mmHg preventing vascular perfusion as well as compressing nerves causing irreversible damage to the tissues

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2
Q

How many compartments make

A
  • Anterior compartment
  • Lateral compartment
  • Superficial posterior compartment
  • Deep posterior compartment
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3
Q

What is a few orthopedic emergencies?

A

Compartment Syndrome

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4
Q

Time = ?

A

Tissue

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5
Q

What are the 5 “P”s?

A 
Pain
Pallor
Paresthesias
Pulselessness
Poikilothermia
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6
Q

What is the most common scenario that causes compartment syndrome?

A

Crush injuries

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7
Q

How do you diagnosis compartment syndrome?

A

Measuring intercompartmental pressures

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8
Q

What is the Gold standard treatment for compartment syndrome?

A

Intra-operatively

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9
Q

What do many need in the future for treatment of compartment syndrome?

A

skin grafting

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10
Q

What do most need in compartment syndrome surgery?

A

wound vac and multiple intraoperative irrigation

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11
Q

What do you do in a compartment syndrome emergency?

A

DO NOT HESTITATE to call someone

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12
Q

What are circumferential immobilzers?

A

Cast

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13
Q

How long should a cast be kept on?

A

short term

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14
Q

T/F Cast have higher complication rates?

A

True

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15
Q

What provides superior immobilization but are less forgiving?

A

Cast

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16
Q

What are non-circumferential immobilizers that accomodate swelling?

A

Splint

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17
Q

What is used for acute musculoskeletal conditions, acute fractures or sprains?

A

splint

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18
Q

What is used for reduced , displaced, or unstable fractures before orthopedic intervention?

A

Splint

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19
Q

What is external fixation?

A

method of immobilizing bones to allow a fracture to heal

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20
Q

Pins or screws are used for what type of fixation?

A

External fixation

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21
Q

What is known as the “external frame”?

A

clamps and rods

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22
Q

What are two advantages of external fixation?

A
  • quick

- easily applied

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23
Q

Where does the greatest risk of infection occur in external fixation?

A

where the pins are inserted from the skin into the bone

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24
Q

What is Open Reduction Internal Fixation?

Study These Flashcards
A

plates and screws

25
Anytime an incision is made, the fracture is reduced, and hardware is place (screws, wire)
Open Reduction Internal Fixation
26
Used to align and stabilize fractures?
Intermedullary Nail (or Rod)
27
What is the most significant advantages of IM rods over others?
IM rods share the load with the bone, rather than entirely support the bone
28
What is the benefit of using IM rods?
patients are able to use the extremity more quickly
29
Where is IM rods inserted into?
the bone marrow canal in the center of long bones of the extremities.
30
C spine
5v
31
Clavicle
2v
32
Scapula
2v
33
Shoulder
2v
34
Humerus
2v
35
Elbow
2v elbow + radial v
36
Forearm
2v
37
Wrist
3v
38
Hand
3v
39
Finger
3v
40
Thoracic spine
2v
41
Lumbar spine
2v
42
Hip
2v
43
Knee
2v
44
Tib Fib
2v
45
Ankle
3v
46
Foot
3v
47
Toes
3v
48
Cast
circumferential immobilizers
49
What are casts used for?
Complex and/ or definitive fracture managment
50
Excessive use of a cast can cause?
chronic pain, joint stiffness, muscle atrophy, or more severe complications
51
Splint
non-circumferential immobilizers
52
What are splints used for?
acute musculoskeletal conditions in which swelling is anticipated
53
Excessive use of a splint can cause/
chronic pain, joint stiffness, muscle atrophy, or more severe complications
54
How is external fixation done?
placing pins or screws into the bone on both sides of the fracture
55
Plates and screws
Open Reduction Internal Fixation
56
Nail or rod
Intermedullary Nail
57
How is IM done?
rods are inserted into the bone marrow canal in the center of the long bones of the bone marrow
58
What fixation allows the pt to use the extremity quickly?
Intermedullary Nail
59
What view must be obtained of the shoulder to determine anterior from posterior dislocation?
axillary view

Orthopedics and Rheum (4 decks)

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