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Orthopedics and Rheum > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Compartment Syndrome?

A

swelling causes the intra-compartment mmHg to be greater than diastolic mmHg preventing vascular perfusion as well as compressing nerves causing irreversible damage to the tissues

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2
Q

How many compartments make

A
  • Anterior compartment
  • Lateral compartment
  • Superficial posterior compartment
  • Deep posterior compartment
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3
Q

What is a few orthopedic emergencies?

A

Compartment Syndrome

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4
Q

Time = ?

A

Tissue

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5
Q

What are the 5 “P”s?

A 
Pain
Pallor
Paresthesias
Pulselessness
Poikilothermia
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6
Q

What is the most common scenario that causes compartment syndrome?

A

Crush injuries

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7
Q

How do you diagnosis compartment syndrome?

A

Measuring intercompartmental pressures

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8
Q

What is the Gold standard treatment for compartment syndrome?

A

Intra-operatively

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9
Q

What do many need in the future for treatment of compartment syndrome?

A

skin grafting

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10
Q

What do most need in compartment syndrome surgery?

A

wound vac and multiple intraoperative irrigation

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11
Q

What do you do in a compartment syndrome emergency?

A

DO NOT HESTITATE to call someone

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12
Q

What are circumferential immobilzers?

A

Cast

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13
Q

How long should a cast be kept on?

A

short term

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14
Q

T/F Cast have higher complication rates?

A

True

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15
Q

What provides superior immobilization but are less forgiving?

A

Cast

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16
Q

What are non-circumferential immobilizers that accomodate swelling?

A

Splint

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17
Q

What is used for acute musculoskeletal conditions, acute fractures or sprains?

A

splint

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18
Q

What is used for reduced , displaced, or unstable fractures before orthopedic intervention?

A

Splint

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19
Q

What is external fixation?

A

method of immobilizing bones to allow a fracture to heal

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20
Q

Pins or screws are used for what type of fixation?

A

External fixation

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21
Q

What is known as the “external frame”?

A

clamps and rods

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22
Q

What are two advantages of external fixation?

A
  • quick

- easily applied

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23
Q

Where does the greatest risk of infection occur in external fixation?

A

where the pins are inserted from the skin into the bone

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24
Q

What is Open Reduction Internal Fixation?

A

plates and screws

25
Q

Anytime an incision is made, the fracture is reduced, and hardware is place (screws, wire)

A

Open Reduction Internal Fixation

26
Q

Used to align and stabilize fractures?

A

Intermedullary Nail (or Rod)

27
Q

What is the most significant advantages of IM rods over others?

A

IM rods share the load with the bone, rather than entirely support the bone

28
Q

What is the benefit of using IM rods?

A

patients are able to use the extremity more quickly

29
Q

Where is IM rods inserted into?

A

the bone marrow canal in the center of long bones of the extremities.

30
Q

C spine

A

5v

31
Q

Clavicle

A

2v

32
Q

Scapula

A

2v

33
Q

Shoulder

A

2v

34
Q

Humerus

A

2v

35
Q

Elbow

A

2v elbow + radial v

36
Q

Forearm

A

2v

37
Q

Wrist

A

3v

38
Q

Hand

A

3v

39
Q

Finger

A

3v

40
Q

Thoracic spine

A

2v

41
Q

Lumbar spine

A

2v

42
Q

Hip

A

2v

43
Q

Knee

A

2v

44
Q

Tib Fib

A

2v

45
Q

Ankle

A

3v

46
Q

Foot

A

3v

47
Q

Toes

A

3v

48
Q

Cast

A

circumferential immobilizers

49
Q

What are casts used for?

A

Complex and/ or definitive fracture managment

50
Q

Excessive use of a cast can cause?

A

chronic pain, joint stiffness, muscle atrophy, or more severe complications

51
Q

Splint

A

non-circumferential immobilizers

52
Q

What are splints used for?

A

acute musculoskeletal conditions in which swelling is anticipated

53
Q

Excessive use of a splint can cause/

A

chronic pain, joint stiffness, muscle atrophy, or more severe complications

54
Q

How is external fixation done?

A

placing pins or screws into the bone on both sides of the fracture

55
Q

Plates and screws

A

Open Reduction Internal Fixation

56
Q

Nail or rod

A

Intermedullary Nail

57
Q

How is IM done?

A

rods are inserted into the bone marrow canal in the center of the long bones of the bone marrow

58
Q

What fixation allows the pt to use the extremity quickly?

A

Intermedullary Nail

59
Q

What view must be obtained of the shoulder to determine anterior from posterior dislocation?

A

axillary view

Orthopedics and Rheum (4 decks)

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