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Mammals > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 9 Mammalian traits?

A

Vertebrates, warm blooded, hair on bodies, 4 chambered heart, single jaw bone, sweat glands, mammary glands, live young

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2
Q

What is the acronym for skin functions?

A

PREPS

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3
Q

What does PREPS mean?

A

Protection, Respiration, Excretion, Perception, Storage

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4
Q

The dermis is connected to epidermis via….

A

basement membrane

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5
Q

What is the dermis made up of?

A

1/5th Papillary region, 4/5 Reticular region

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6
Q

The papillary region is made up of….

A

connective tissue and elastic fibres

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7
Q

The reticular region is made up of….

A

dense connective tissue, elastin & collagen

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8
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

Loose connective tissue

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9
Q

The main components of the hypodermis are….

A

fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages

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10
Q

What does adipose tissue do?

A

Fat droplets, energy reserve, insulator

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11
Q

The thickness of skin for Reptiles, Birds, Mammals?

A

Thick dry scaly, Thin lipogenic, Thick waterproof

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12
Q

Characteristics of epidermis Reptiles, Birds, Mammals?

A

Keratinous, Delicate, 4-5 layers

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13
Q

The shedding of skin is called what in Repitles, Birds and Mammals?

A

Ecdysis, Moult, Slough

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14
Q

What are the glands called in Reptiles, Birds, Mammals?

A

Femoral, Uropygial, Sebaceous Sudiferous

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15
Q

What are the main pigment cells in Reptiles, Birds, Mammals?

A

Chromatophores, Pigments, Melanophores

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16
Q

3 main types of hairs in mammals are…

A

Guard, Wool, Tactile

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17
Q

Guard hairs - characteristics?

A

Smooth outer coat

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18
Q

Wool hairs - characteristics?

A

Fine curly

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19
Q

Tactile hairs - characteristics?

A

Long and stiff

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20
Q

What oil do the hairs contain?

A

Lanolin - sebaceous glands

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21
Q

Hoofs, Claws, Nails?

A

Dense keratin, ungulates (distal phalynx)

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22
Q

Horns belong to which animals?

A

Bovines, Ovines, Caprines (Cow, sheep, goats)

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23
Q

Characteristics of horns?

A

Keratinised, nutrition affects

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24
Q

Antlers belong to which animals?

A

Cervidae (deer)

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25
Characteristics of antlers?
Grow seasonally, velvet over bone, branched
26
Difference of a Rhino horn?
Center of calcium/melanin, keratin tubes, diet
27
How many different mammals are there?
5
28
What are the different categories of mammals?
Carnivores, Herbivores, Omnivores, Frugivores, Insectivores
29
What are the 2 types of stomachs?
Monogastric, Compound ruminant
30
Characteristics of carnivores stomach?
Less salivary enzymes, acidic juices, bile, caecum small, short GIT
31
Characteristics of omnivores stomach?
Meat/Vegetation, salivary enzymes, less acidic, longer GIT
32
Characteristics of herbivores stomach?
Salivary enzymes, microflora breaksdown cellulose,
33
Herbivores have VFA what are VFAs?
Volatile fatty acids
34
What category is a hindgut fermenter in?
Herbivores
35
Hindgut fermenters characteristics?
No ruminant stomach, long tract, enlarged caecum
36
Foregut fermenters characteristics?
Pouches for fermentation, mastication
37
Ruminant stomachs called and how many?
4 - Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum
38
Nervous system structure? CNS
Brain, Spinal Cord
39
Nervous system structure? Peripheral
Nerves
40
What is the afferent division?
Sensory
41
What is efferent division?
Motor
42
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
43
Name all cranial nerves?
Olfactory, Optic, Trochlear, Abducent, Oculomotor, Trigeminal, Facial, Hypoglossal, Accessory, Vagus, Glossopharyngeal, Intermediate
44
What is somatosensory cortex? Output
Motor cortex (controls bodies right side)
45
What is somatosensory cortex? Input
Sensory cortex (controls bodies left side)
46
What is the acronym for glands?
AH STOMP PPP TT
47
AH STOMP PPP TT - explain?
Adrenal, Hypothalums, Salivary, Testes, Ovaries, Mammary, Prostate, Pituitary, Pineal, Parathyroid, Thyroid, Thymus
48
What are the 2 endocrine glands?
Salivary, Mammary
49
Characteristics of endocrine glands?
Hormones direct in circulatory, ductless,
50
What glands are in the reproductive system?
Testes, Ovaries, Prostate, Pituitary
51
What glands are involved in stress?
Adrenal, Pituitary
52
What glands are involved in growth?
Pituitary, Thyroid, Thymus
53
What glands are involved in Homeostasis?
Pituitary, Adrenal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Pancreas, Kidneys
54
What are the rods used for in eyes?
Night vision
55
What are the cones used for in eyes?
Colours of light
56
What is the iris for in eyes?
Muscular diaphragm
57
What is the tapetum lucidum in eyes?
Behind retina, reflects light
58
What is the drum called to detect sound?
Tympanum
59
The bones in mammals ears?
Tympanic membrane, stapes, incus, malleus
60
Bones involved in smelling?
Nasal septum, hard soft palate, meatus, chonchae (ethmodial), paranasal sinuses
61
In cats whats the organ that is used for smelling?
Vomeronasal/Jacobson organ
62
What is the Flehmen response?
Horses lift top lip
63
What are the 4 receptors in touch?
Meissner, Ruffini, Pacinian, Merkel
64
What are the receptors on the tongue called?
Gustatory receptors - determine flavour
65
What are the tastebuds called?
Fungiform Papillae
66
What can't cats taste?
Sweet things

Mammals (2 decks)

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