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REPRODUCTION > LECTURE 1 > Flashcards

LECTURE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vulva?

A

mucosa, interface of the reproductive tract.

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2
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Receives penis during mating

Semen deposited here in cows and ewes

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3
Q

What is the cervix?

A

‘Mouth of womb’

Semen deposited here in mares and sows

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4
Q

What is the uterus’s role?

A

Muscular sac that connects fallopian tubes and cervix - provides internal environment for embryo development in pregnancy.
During pregnancy it’s blocked with a mucus plug

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5
Q

What are the uterine horns?

A

Two branches of the uterus

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6
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

Portion of the fallopian tube near ovary that catches the ovulated egg

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7
Q

What are the oviducts or fallopian tubes?

A

Pair of tubes leading from ovaries to horns of the uterus

Fertilisation occurs here

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8
Q

What are the ovaries?

A

Produce female hormones and eggs

Secrete oestrogen and progesterone

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9
Q

How many potential eggs are there per ovary?

A

20,000

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10
Q

What are the 5 steps of female reproduction?

A
  1. Ovulation
  2. Estrus
  3. Gestation
  4. Parturition
  5. Lactation
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11
Q

What are the signs of estrus in cows?

A

Standing to be ridden, nervousness, riding others, sticky mucus from vulva, dirt on flanks, holding up milk

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12
Q

What is the ovulation rate of a cow?

A

1 egg per estrus

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13
Q

What is the ovulation rate of a ewe?

A

1-3 eggs per estrus

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14
Q

What is the ovulation rate of a sow?

A

10-20 eggs per estrus

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15
Q

What is the ovulation rate of a mare?

A

1 egg per estrus

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16
Q

What is the ovulation rate of a hen?

A

28 eggs per month

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17
Q

What is the gestation period of a cow?

A

275-285 days

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18
Q

What is the gestation period of a ewe?

A

115-142 days

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19
Q

What is the gestation period of a sow?

A

112-115 days

20
Q

What is the gestation period of a mare?

A

330-345 days

21
Q

What is the estrus length of a cow?

A

18-19 hours

22
Q

What is the estrus length of a ewe?

A

24-36 hours

23
Q

What is the estrus length of a sow?

A

48-72 hours

24
Q

What is the estrus length of a mare?

A

90-170 hours

25
Q

What is the estrus length of hens/women?

A

None

26
Q

Which two animals have 2 uterine horns?

A

Sow and rabbits

27
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

Sack that carries the testicles

28
Q

What is the function of the testicles?

A

Produce spermatozoa and testosterone

29
Q

What are monorchid testicles?

A

Only one fertile testicle

30
Q

What are cryptorchid testicles?

A

Remain in the body cavity/sterile/don’t drop

31
Q

What are castrated testicles?

A

Removal of the testicles - induces lack of sex drive and influences weight gain.

32
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

Tube connected to testes - stores spermatozoa and influences maturation.

33
Q

What is the vas deferens?

A

Tube connected to epididymis - vasectomy means can’t reproduce
Sperm storage

34
Q

What is the urethra?

A

Starts at bladder and continues through penis

35
Q

What is the sigmoid flexure?

A

S shape in the urethra which allows extension of penis

36
Q

What are the accessory sex glands?

A

Prostate, two seminal vesicles and two cowpers glands

37
Q

What do the accessory sex glands do?

A

Provide medium to transport sperm, adds volume, provides nutrients and clean and flushes urinary tract.

38
Q

What is the penis retractor muscle called in the stallion?

A

Corpus cavernosum

39
Q

What is an os penis in dogs?

A

Bone that helps achieve intromission with a bitch in dogs

40
Q

What happens during an erection?

A

Neurons release nitric oxide at their synaptic endings

41
Q

What are the volumes of sperm per ml for a bull?

A

5-6ml per ejaculate

42
Q

What are the volumes of sperm per ml for a ram?

A

1ml per ejaculate

43
Q

What are the volumes of sperm per ml for a boar?

A

200-300ml per ejaculate

44
Q

What are the volumes of sperm per ml for a stallion?

A

50-150ml per ejaculate

45
Q

What factors influence sperm volumes?

A

Age, size, health and frequency of collection

46
Q

What is the purpose of seminal fluid?

A

Carrier of sperm, flush urethral canal of penis, buffer, activation and metabolic activity.

REPRODUCTION (10 decks)

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