Lecture 1 - 8/23/23

Question 1

What things are included in signalment?

Answer 1

-age
-sex
-breed

Question 2

Why is signalment important?

Answer 2

allows you to begin thinking of diseases that are more common in certain breeds/age of animal

Question 3

What three things does physical diagnosis begin with?

Answer 3

-signalment
-history/anamnesis
-physical exam

Question 4

What are the different parts of a SOAP diagnostic tool?

Answer 4

-subjective/history
-objective/physical exam
-assessment
-plan/diagnostics and treatment

Question 5

What are the different age estimates for animals?

Answer 5

-young: puppy/kitten and junior
-adult: adult and mature
-senior: senior and geriatric

Question 6

Why is it important to consider the size of the dog when aging?

Answer 6

small and medium dogs age “slower” than large dogs, which affects the age at which they experience aging-related problems

Question 7

How are teeth types used to assess an animals age?

Answer 7

-no deciduous teeth: < 3 weeks
-all deciduous teeth: < 3 months
-mixed dentition: 3-6 months
-all adult teeth: > 6 months

Question 8

In addition to types of teeth, how else can teeth be used to assess age?

Answer 8

increasingly worse dental disease is associated with increased age

Question 9

What is the relationship between age and weight in cats?

Answer 9

for the first 6 months of life, kittens weigh one pound per month of age

Question 10

What is the relationship between age and weight in dogs?

Answer 10

a dog’s four month body weight x 2 is an estimate of their adult weight

Question 11

How can the eyes be used to assess age?

Answer 11

nuclear sclerosis/cloudy eyes begins appearing at 6-8 years of age

Question 12

How can coat be used to assess age?

Answer 12

greying of the fur begins around 6-8 years of age

Question 13

How can reproductive development be used to assess age?

Answer 13

-jowls in male intact cats develop around 2 yrs old
-mammary/testes development in intact animals is more pronounced in older animals

Question 14

How are dogs sexed?

Answer 14

-females have orifices pointing caudally
-males have prepuce/orifices pointing cranially
-looking for presence/absence of vulva

Question 15

How are cats sexed?

Answer 15

-males have a greater distance between anus and prepuce/penis
-females have a shorter distance between anus and vulva
-can compare individuals in a litter in younger cats

Question 16

How can neutered animals be identified?

Answer 16

-tattoo
-spay scar/fibrous tissue
-lack of reproductive development
-often overweight compared to intact counterparts

Question 17

What are the size classifications for dog breeds?

Answer 17

-small <20 lbs
-medium 20-50 lbs
-large >50 lbs

Question 18

What are the classifications for cat breeds?

Answer 18

-domestic short hair
-domestic medium hair
-domestic long hair

Question 19

What are the key components of fear free dog restraint/handling?

Answer 19

-calm environment
-pheromones
-towels/blankets
-food/treats
-toys

Question 20

What are the key components of fear free cat restraint/handling?

Answer 20

-calm and quiet environment
-separate from dogs
-minimal restraint
-pheromones
-treats/food/catnip
-low-stress restraint tools (towel wraps, muzzles, cat bags)

Question 21

What is the main thing to avoid when restraining cats, if possible?

Answer 21

scruffing

Question 22

Why is it important to know when to stop attempting procedures on an animal?

Answer 22

-every attempt is an escalation
-will make the animal more afraid of future appointments/attempts

Question 23

How many attempts at a procedure should be made before stopping to reassess the situation?

Answer 23

-2 attempts for cats
-3 attempts for dogs

Question 24

What are the main vital signs?

Answer 24

-weight
-temperature
-pulse rate
-respiratory rate

Question 25

What is the power of 2.2?

Answer 25

-pounds/2.2 = kilograms
-kilogramsx2.2 = pounds

Question 26

How is respiratory rate determined in an animal?

Answer 26

watching the flank and counting the number of breaths in a given timeframe

Question 27

How is pulse determined?

Answer 27

-stethoscope or fingers over heart or on femoral pulse
-count for 15 sec. x4 or 10 sec. x6

Question 28

Why is temperature collected last?

Answer 28

typically the most uncomfortable vital sign for the animal

Question 29

What other options exist besides a rectal temp?

Answer 29

-microchip scan temp
-axillary temp + 1 degree
-ear temp + 1 degree

Question 30

What is the normal temperature in a dog?

Answer 30

99.5-102.5

Question 31

What is the normal temperature in a cat?

Answer 31

99.5-102.5

Question 32

What is the normal pulse rate in a dog under 30 lbs?

Answer 32

80-150

Question 33

What is the normal pulse rate in a dog over 30 lbs?

Answer 33

50-120

Question 34

What is the normal pulse rate in cats?

Answer 34

160-220

Question 35

What is the normal respiratory rate in dogs?

Answer 35

12-36; may pant

Question 36

What is the normal respiratory rate in cats?

Answer 36

20-36

Question 37

What are the different attitude assessments during an exam?

Answer 37

-Bright, Alert, Responsive (moving around0
-Quiet, Alert, Responsive (less movement)
-Dull/depressed

Question 38

What are the different behavior assessments during an exam?

Answer 38

-active or passive
-friendly or cautious
-anxious/fearful/aggressive

Question 39

What respiratory outcomes can be seen during an exam?

Answer 39

-labored breathing (emergency!)
-count respiratory rate
-panting

Question 40

What aspects of the musculoskeletal system are visually assessed during an exam?

Answer 40

-posture
-gait

Question 41

What neurologic issues can be identified visually during an exam?

Answer 41

-head tilt
-stumbling
-circling

Question 42

What aspects of the head can be noted without touch during an exam?

Answer 42

-eyes: discharge, decreased vision, cloudiness
-nose: discharge, sneezing
-ears: smells, head shaking

Question 43

What aspects of the skin can be visually noted during an exam?

Answer 43

-hair loss
-scratching
-masses