Lecture 1 Anatomical Orientation Flashcards
(69 cards)
1
Q
toward or at the belly surface (syn.: anterior)
A
Ventral
2
Q
toward or at the back surface (syn.: posterior)
A
Dorsal
3
Q
toward or at the front of the erect (anatomical position) body
A
Anterior
4
Q
toward or at the back of the back of the erect body
A
Posterior
5
Q
palm of hand
A
Palmer surface
6
Q
back of hand and upper surface of the foot
A
Dorsal surface
7
Q
sole of foot
A
Plantar surface
8
Q
toward the head
A
Cranial
9
Q
toward the “tail” or feet
A
Caudal
10
Q
above or toward the head (implies a relation to gravity)
A
Superior
11
Q
below or away from the head; toward the lower part of the body (implies a relation to gravity)
A
Inferior
12
Q
toward the side
A
Lateral
13
Q
toward the midline
A
Medial
14
Q
the midline
A
Median
15
Q
used for a structure lying between two others
A
Middle
16
Q
toward the attachment of the limb to the trunk
A
Proximal
17
Q
away from the base (attachment) of the limb
A
Distal
18
Q
nearer to the surface of the body
A
Superficial
19
Q
farther from the surface of the body
A
Deep
20
Q
on the same side of the body
A
Ipsilateral
21
Q
on opposite sides of the body
A
Contralateral
22
Q
position of body lying on back, palms facing upward
A
Supine
23
Q
position of body lying face down with palms facing downward
A
Prone
24
Q
refers to lateral in the upper limb
A
Radial
25
refers to medial in the upper limb
Ulnar
26
a real or imaginary straight line around which an object rotates
Axis
27
bending; a movement that takes place in a sagittal plane** around a leftright axis; the prenatal position of the fetus is in a position of total body flexion.
Flexion
28
the straightening out of a bent part; a movement that takes place in a sagittal plane around a left-right axis.
Extension
29
movement of extension beyond that necessary to straighten a part (often pathological).
Hyperextension
30
moving apart or away from the midline; a movement that takes place in a frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis.
Abduction
31
moving together or toward the midline of the body; a movement that takes place in a frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis.
Adduction
32
a combination of successive movements of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in such a fashion that the distal end of the part being moved. This movement describes a circle.
Circumduction
33
movement of a part of a body around its long axis.
Rotation
34
in the upper limb--a movement of the shoulder joint such that the anterior aspect of the arm (biceps area) moves away from the body; in the lower limb--a movement of the hip joint such that the anterior
aspect of the thigh moves away from the body; the movement takes place in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis.
External (lateral) rotation
35
in the upper limb--a movement of the shoulder joint such that the anterior aspect of the arm moves toward the body; in the lower limb--a movement of the hip joint such that the anterior aspect of the thigh moves toward the body; the movement takes place in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis.
Internal (medial) rotation
36
a moving of a whole part forward.
Protraction
37
a moving of a whole part backward.
Retraction
38
a medial rotation of the forearm in such a manner that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly; the movement takes place in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis.
Pronation
39
a lateral rotation of the forearm in such a manner that the palm of the hand faces anteriorly; the movement takes place in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis.
Supination
40
movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a medial direction.
Inversion
41
movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.
Eversion
42
bending movement of the trunk to either side.
Lateral (flexion) of the trunk
43
movement of the hand, at the wrist toward a radial direction .
Radial deviation (abduction) of the wrist
44
movement of the hand at the wrist toward an ulnar direction.
Ulnar deviation (adduction) of the wrist
45
movement, at the ankle joint, of the dorsum of the foot towards the anterior surface of the leg, or upward.
Dorsiflexion
46
movement, at the ankle joint, of the sole of the foot toward the ground, or downward.
Plantar flexion
47
confined to one side only.
Unilateral
48
relating to, or having, two sides
Bilateral
49
Axis of rotation for medial and lateral rotation
Cranial-caudal (vertical)
50
Axis of rotation for abduction and adduction
Anterior-posterior (dorsal-ventral)
51
Axis of rotation for flexion and extension
Left-right (transverse)
52
A _____ is formed by 2 intersecting lines
plane
53
Cranio-caudal axis + anteriorposterior axis
Median (sagittal; midsagittal; parasagittal)
54
Cranio-caudal axis + left-right axis
Frontal (coronal)
55
Anterior-posterior + left-right
Transverse (cross-section)
56
What is the Terminologia Anatomica and how does it relate to our use of anatomy?
Dictionary that lists internationally understood definitions for all anatomy terms.
57
Reasons to learn surface anatomy
1. Auscultations
2. Palpitations
3. Bony landmarks
4. Dermatomes (neurological assessment)
58
Largest organ in the body
Integument
59
3 general components of the integument
1. Epidermis (stratified squamous)
2. Basal membrane
3. Dermis (dense irreg CT)
60
5 layers of the epidermis
1. Stratum corneum
2. S. lucidum
3. S. granulosum
4. S. spinosum
5. S. basale/germinativum
61
2 layers of the dermis
1. Papillary layer
| 2. Reticular layer
62
Top layer of the epidermis; dead and keratinized
Stratum corneum
63
Lowest layer of the epidermis; innervated, vascularized, and has high mitotic activity
Stratum basale/germinativum
64
Layer of the INTEGUMENT that has irregular dense CT, is vascularized, has high collagen and little elastic fibers
Dermis
65
Has loose CT, and is separated from the epidermis via basal lamina
Papillary layer
66
Has dense irregular CT, and fibrocytes, adipocytes, and macrophages
Reticular layer
67
Classification of thick and thin skin depends on
Structure of epidermis
68
Integument that sits on CT
Superficial fascia
69
Consists of loose bundles of collagen and elastic fibers; aggregates of adipocytes. Supports cutaneous nerves and blood vessels
Superficial fascia/hypodermis
