Lecture 1 Biomolecules And Enzymes

Question 1

Classes of biomolecules

Answer 1

Lipids proteins carbs nucleotides

Question 2

Each biomolecule has a similar structure in that

Answer 2

They retain a carbon skeleton

Question 3

Enzyme substrate fit correlates with

Answer 3

Effectiveness and lower Km

Question 4

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 4

Block active site

Question 5

Noncompetititive inhibitors

Answer 5

Bond to a separate site changing shape of active site and bind ES complex decreasing concentration of substrate that can react

Question 6

What makes water perfect solvent

Answer 6

Polarity

Question 7

What do water molecules do to nonpolar molecules

Answer 7

Cause them to congregate

Question 8

How much of a cells mass is water

Answer 8

70-80

Question 9

What gives water a high boiling point

Answer 9

Hydrogen bonding

Question 10

What happens to ionic compounds in water

Answer 10

Dissolve

Question 11

Hydrolysis of atp provides

Answer 11

Energy for body

Question 12

Digestion is primarily the hydrolysis of

Answer 12

Macromolecules

Question 13

Reverse of hydrolysis

Answer 13

Dehydration

Question 14

Like dissolves

Answer 14

Like

Question 15

Lipids dissolve in

Answer 15

Nonpolar organic solvents

Question 16

Categories of roles of lipids in cells

Answer 16

Energy storage, cell organization/structure, precursors for vitamins and hormones

Question 17

Major groups of lipids

Answer 17

Fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, glycolipids, steroids, terpenes, waxes

Question 18

Long carbon chains in lipids allow for

Answer 18

Energy and fat storage

Question 19

Why are lipids useful as precursors

Answer 19

Can pass through cellular membranes

Question 20

Most complex lipids are made up of

Answer 20

Fatty acids

Question 21

Fatty acids are made up of

Answer 21

Long chains of carbons truncated at one end by a carboxylic acid

Question 22

Fatty acids usually contain hat number of carbons

Answer 22

Even number of carbons

Question 23

Max number of carbons in fatty acids in humans

Answer 23

24

Question 24

Saturated fatty acids possess only

Answer 24

Single carbon bonds

Question 25

Unsaturated fatty acids contain

Answer 25

One or more carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 26

X stores more energy per gram than any other molecule in the body

Answer 26

Fatty acids

Question 27

Most fats reach the cell in the form of

Answer 27

Free fatty acids

Question 28

The triacylglycerols are

Answer 28

Tris, fatty acids, phospholipids, glycolipids

Question 29

Triglycerides commonly referred to as

Answer 29

Fats and oils

Question 30

Triglycerides are made of

Answer 30

Three carbon backbone (called glycerol) attached to three fatty acid chains

Question 31

Function of glycerol is to

Answer 31

Store energy

Question 32

Adipocytes

Answer 32

Specialized cells whose cytoplasm contains almost nothing but triglycerides

Question 33

Phospholipids are

Answer 33

Lipids with a phosphate group attached

Question 34

Phosphoglycerides

Answer 34

Glycerol backbone but polar phosphate group replaces one of the fatty acids

Question 35

Phosphoglycerides made of

Answer 35

Glycerol backbone, polar phosphate group replaces th fatty acids

Question 36

Phosphoglycerides are amphipathic in that

Answer 36

Phosphate group lies on opposite side of glycerol from the fatty acids thus polar at phosphate end and non polar at fatty acid end

Question 37

Amphipathic molecules play a large role in

Answer 37

Biological membranes

Question 38

What is the polar end

Answer 38

Phosphate end

Question 39

Glycolipids

Answer 39

One or more carbohydrates attached to three carbon glycerol backbone instead of. Phosphate group

Question 40

Glycolipids are.

Answer 40

Amphipathic

Question 41

Sphingolipids

Answer 41

Phosphoglycerides except with long chain fatty acid and polar head group, rather than glycerol, backbone molecule is an amino alcohol called sphingosine