LECTURE 1: Body Fluid compartment and determination. ECF and ICF

Question 1

LOCALISATION OF INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

(ECF OR INTERSTITIUM)

Answer 1

Question 2

IONIC COMPOSITION OF ECF

Answer 2

Question 3

MILIEU EXTERIEUR/ INTERIOR

Answer 3

CLAUDE BERNARD

MILIEU EXTERIEUR: PHYSICALLY SURRROUNDS WHOLE ORGANISM

MILIEU INTERIEUR: IN WHICH TISSUES AND CELLS LIVE

'’THE CONSTANCY OF THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IS THE CONDITION FOR A FREE AND INDEPENDENT LIFE’’

Question 4

DEFINITION OF PHYSIOLOGY

Answer 4

Question 5

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ECF K+ REGULATION

Answer 5

1. PARAMETER: 3.5-5mM; set point is genetically encoded
2. monitor deviations from set point glomerosa cells of adrenal gland
3. elevate ECF K+ ion concentration: aldosterone production
4. aldosterone acts on particular kidney cells, K+ ion excretion from body will increase
5. DECREASES ECF K+ ion concentration

***NEGATIVE FEEDBACK CONROL***

Question 6

PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO BE REULATED?

Answer 6

Question 7

PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL MECHANISMS?

Answer 7

THERE ARE 4…..

Question 8

DRAW EUKARYOTIC CELL:

Answer 8

Question 9

NUCLEUS

Answer 9

GENOME OF THE CELL

22 PAIRS OF AUTOSOMES AND 1 PAIR OF SEX CHROMOSOMES

ENZYME ACTION TO REPAIR AND TRANSCRIBE DNA

Question 10

MITOCHONDRIA

Answer 10

2 MEMBRANES ( INNER AND OUTER (WITH PORES)

OWN DNA (GAMMA DNA)

GENERATE ATP VIA OP

CAC

SITE OF SEQUESTRATION OF CA2+ IONS

Question 11

rER

Question 12

MEMBRANE NETWORK

RIBOSOMES, TRANSLATION OF MRNA

PTM

Question 13

GOLGI APPARATUS

Answer 13

PTM

SORTS PROTEINS AND PACKAGES THEM FOR DELIVERY

Question 14

sER

Question 15

NO RIBOSOMES

CONVERSION OF HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES TO WATER SOLUBLE

SYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS

CA2+ POOL OF IONS

Question 16

PROTEASOMES

Answer 16

NOT MEMBRANE BOUND

DEGRADITIVE FUNCTION

Question 17

FREE RIBOSOMES

Answer 17

TRANSLATE MRNA FOR CYTOSOLIC PROTEINS

Question 18

PERIOXISOMES

Answer 18

OXIDATIVE ENZYMES

METABOLIZES EHTANOL TO ACETALDEHYDE

Question 19

CYTOSKELETON

Answer 19

ACTIN AND INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

MICROTUBULES

CONTRACTION MOVEMENT

INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT

Question 20

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Answer 20

SEPARATES CELL INTERIOR FROM ENVIRONEMENT

CONNECTS INDIVIDUAL CELLS TO OTHERS

Question 21

PHOSPHOLIPID MOLECULE AND PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

Answer 21

Question 22

OUTER LOCALISED LIPIDS AND THEIR FUNCTION

Answer 22

PHOSPHOLIPIDS:

PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (LIPID RAFT)

SPHINGOMYELIN (LIPID RAFT)

CHOLESTEROL= INNER/OUTER (MEMBRANE FLUIDITY AND LIPD RAFT)

GLYCOLIPIDS:

GPI (GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL)= PROTEIN ANCHOR

Question 23

INNER LOCALISED LIPIDS AND THEIR FUNCTION?

Answer 23

PHOSPHOLIPIDS:

P. SERINE

P. ETHANOLAMINE

P. INOSITOL

CHOLESTEROL= INNER/OUTER=MEMRANE FLUIDITY AND LIPID RAFT

Question 24

LIPID: LOCALISATION AND FUNCTION?

Answer 24

Question 25

MEMBRANE STRUCTURE?

Question 26

CFTR

Answer 26

CYSTIC FIBROSIS= AUTOSOMALRECESSIVE DISORDER -CHRONIC LUNG INFECTIONS, PANCREATIC INSUFICIENCY, INFERTILITY IN MALES MUTATION OF GENE ON CHROMOSOME 7 (CODING FOR ABC TRANSPORTER) MOST COMMONLY DELETION OF A PHE AT POSITION 508 CFTR= CL-CHANNEL, REGULATES other membrane transporters (ENAC) ENAC=defective in patients with CF

Question 27

urea

Answer 27

Hypotonic---\>lysis and swelling ineffective osmole= cannot pass through PM

Question 28

Functions of PM proteins:

Answer 28

selective transport of molecules cell recognition via surface antigens cell communication (PM receptors) tissue organisation through adhesion molecules enzymatic activity determination of cell shape (linking cytoskeleton)

Question 29

volumes of body fluid compartments

Answer 29

Question 30

Ionic composition of ECF and ICF?

Answer 30

Question 31

transcellular Fluid

Answer 31

CSF ocular fluid synovial fluid pleural cavity peritoneal cavity

Question 32

measurements of volume in fluid compartments?

Answer 32

Question 33

fluid compartments of prototypic adult human weighing 70kg

Answer 33

Question 34

parameters and regulation

Answer 34

increase aldosterone decrease: negative FB control

Question 35

physiological control mechanisms

Answer 35