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OB NUR 359 > Lecture 1 Conception & Fetal development > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Conception & Fetal development Flashcards

1
Q

During conception when sperm enters the egg what is produced?

A

Zygote

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2
Q

How long for zygote to be formed?

A

Hours

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3
Q

When the zygote divides it becomes an?

A

Embryo

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4
Q

Inner layer of the egg sperm must penetrate?

A

Zona pellucida

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5
Q

Outer layer of the egg

A

Corona radiata

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6
Q

Where does the embryo travel and implant?

A

Travels through the oviduct and implants at the endometrium

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7
Q

Physical signs of pregnancy?

A

No menstruation
Morning sickness
Breast enlargement
Increased urination
Dark areolas

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8
Q

Germinal, embryonic, and fetal stages of development

A

Germinal - Travels first two weeks

Embryonic - all organs are being created (VITAL STAGE)
Starts weeks 3-8

Fetal - Period of refinement (9th weeks until birth)

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9
Q

What produces hCG until the placenta takes over?

A

Corpus luteum

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10
Q

Purpose of the hormone hCG?

A

Keeps pregnancy going
Maintains the corpus luteum

Drops at 13 weeks

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11
Q

Purpose of estrogen?

A

Increases blood volume by 50%
Uterine contractility (Aids in labor)
Breast development

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12
Q

Purpose of progesterone?

A

COUNTERACTS estrogen
Relaxes
Maintains the endometrium
Breast development

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13
Q

What happens if progesterone drops too low?

A

Estrogen takes over and can cause uterine contractility at early point in pregnancy causing prematurity or miscarriage.

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14
Q

What is cleavage

A

Cell divides without growth

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15
Q

What is morphogenesis?

A

Shaping of embryo

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16
Q

What is differentiation?

A

Cells taking on specific structure and function. Each cell knows what organ it belongs to and its duties.

17
Q

What is the morula?

A

Solid mass of cells results from cleavage

18
Q

What is a blastocyte and embryonic disc?

A

Blastocyte is formed from morula and is a ball of cells

The embryonic disc is inner mass of cells within the blastocyte

19
Q

What is the gastrula?

A

Three tissues of embryo
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

20
Q

What is the neurula?

A

Nervous system the develops from the ectoderm

21
Q

Germ Layer of Theory Ectoderm organs targeted?

A

Skin, epidermis, hair, nails, sweatglands

Nervous system - Brain, spinal cord, ganglia, Nerves

Eyes - Retina, lens, cornea of eye

Inner ear

Lining of nose mouth and anus

Tooth enamel

22
Q

Germ Layer Theory -Mesoderm

A

All muscles

Dermis of skin

All connective tissue - Bone, cartilage, and blood

Blood vessel

Kidneys

Reproductive organs

23
Q

Germ Layer of Theory - Endoderm

A

Lining of digestive tract, Gall bladder, urethra

Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs

Pancreas

Liver

Thyroid, parathyroid, thymus glands,

Bladder

24
Q

What takes place during 7th and 8th week fetal development?

A

7 weeks - Feet, toes, legs

Blood vessels - heart beat this is when pulse helps feed rest of the body

8th week - Human appearnace all organs made no more tail

25
Q

Materal portion of placenta?

A

Delivers O2 and nutrients through osmosis

26
Q

Fetal portion of placenta?

A

Waste products

27
Q

Role of arteries in the umbilical cord?

A

Arteries - Exchanges of gases and nutrients between maternal and fetal blood

28
Q

Role of the vein in the umbilical cord?

A

Carries blood and oxygen away from the placenta to the fetus

29
Q

What seperates the vein in the umbilical cord?

A

Wharton’s Jelly

30
Q

Normal volume for amniotic fluid?

A

800-1200ml at term

31
Q

Two types of outcomes for polyhydramnios

A

May be linked to cerebral palsy

Can always lead to premature labor - uterus can expand too much

32
Q

Two types of outcomes for oligohydramnios?

A

Cord compression

Babys head drops

33
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Lower than average amniotic fluid
The babies kidneys aren’t working properly or the placenta

Nutrition, organ systems are affected

34
Q

How to care for oligohydramnios?

A

Bed rest & less movements
increase fluid intakes to help produce more fluids

35
Q

Polyhydramnios?

A

Too much amniotic fluid
Seen in GDM

If treated early can be reduced by removing some

OB NUR 359 (4 decks)

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