Lecture 1: Constituents of blood

Question 1

Describe the composition of blood

Answer 1

~5 L
60% plasma
40% RBC
5% WBC

Question 2

Describe the composition of plasma

Answer 2

92% water, also has electrolytes, proteins, gases, nutrients, and waste

Question 3

What are cytokines?

Answer 3

regulate hematopoeisis
colony stimulating factors = leukocytes
erythropoeitin = erythrocytes
thrombopoeitin = platelets

Question 4

What are the different types of anemia?

Answer 4

1. Hypochromic (lack of Fe = low Hb in RBCs)
2. Megaloblastic (pernicious = no uptake of Vit B12, non-pernicious) = RBCs can’t divide
3. Hemolytic = fragile RBCs
4. Aplastic = low RBC production

Question 5

Describe platelets and clotting

Answer 5

prostacyclin produced by cell layer keep platelets soluble
tearing endothelial layer = expose collagen to platelets, platelets bind. produce serotonin-5HT-ATP (smooth muscle contraction) and thromboxane A2, platelets aggregate and prostacyclin not produced. Clotting factors convert prothrombin to thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin for meshwork to clot

Question 6

Describe the types of WBC

Answer 6

Neutrophils - 50-70%, neutralize foreign substances
Eosinophils - destroy invading parasites
Basophils - release histamines, mediate allergic reaction, turn to mast cells
Monocytes - turn to macrophages, ingest invaders
leukocytes - B cells, T cells, natural killer cells