Lecture 1 - dysosmia, agnosia, visual pathway

Question 1

what are the three most common odors available during olfactory test

Answer 1

cinnamon, coffee, cloves

Question 2

when testing smell, which embryonic structure is most involved

Answer 2

telencephalon

Question 3

which smell mostly upregulates parasympathetic activity in the brain/body

Answer 3

peppermint

Question 4

what are the two quantitative alterations of smell

Answer 4

anosmia

hyposmia

Question 5

the absence of the sense of smell

Answer 5

anosmia

Question 6

the diminished olfactory sensitivity

Answer 6

hyposmia

Question 7

qualitative alteration or distortion of the perception of smell

Answer 7

dysosmia

Question 8

distortion in the perception of an odorant; smells different than I remember

Answer 8

parosmia

Question 9

perception of an odor when there is no odorant present

Answer 9

phantosmia

Question 10

inability to classify, contrast, or identify odor sensations verbally, even though the ability to distinguish between smells may be normal

Answer 10

agnosia

Question 11

when viewing the Snellen chart, how far away should the patient be

Answer 11

20 feet

Question 12

when viewing the Rosenbaum chart, how far should the patient be

Answer 12

14 inches

Question 13

if optic nerve is altered, what are the two categories of delema

Answer 13

eye problem

pathway lesion

Question 14

Answer 14

optic nerve

Question 15

Answer 15

optic tract

Question 16

Answer 16

optic chiasm

Question 17

Answer 17

optic cortex

Question 18

Answer 18

lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 19

Answer 19

left anopia

Question 20

Answer 20

left nasal hemianopia

Question 21

Answer 21

bitemporal hemianopa

Question 22

Answer 22

left homonymous hemianopia

Question 23

Answer 23

right superior homonomous quadrantanopia

Question 24

Answer 24

right inferior homonomous quadrantanopia

Question 25

Answer 25

right inferior homonomous quadrantanopia with central sparing

Question 26

left anopia the lesion is seen where and what 2 kinds of lesions

Answer 26

lesion in L optic nerve - meningioma - orbital tumor

Question 27

left nasal hemianopia the lesion is seen where and what is the most common cause of the lesion

Answer 27

lesion at left **lateral** chiasm - aneurysm of **upper** internal carotid

Question 28

bitemporal hemianopia the lesion is mostly found where and what are the 3 most common causes

Answer 28

lesion at the **medial** chiasm affecting only decussating fibers - pituitary tumors (adenoma) - prolactinoma - craniopharyngioma

Question 29

left homonomous hemianopia the lesion is mostly found where and caused by what

Answer 29

lesion in R optic tract - tumor in the medial wall of the temporal lobe

Question 30

what is the function of the lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 30

point at which the superior and inferior visual fields come together

Question 31

right superior homonomous quadrantanopia lesion is where

Answer 31

lesion in left superior temporal lobe

Question 32

right inferior homonomous quadrantanopia lesion is where

Answer 32

lesion in left parietal lobe

Question 33

right inferior homonomous quadrantanopia with central sparing lesion is found where

Answer 33

lesion in left parietal lobe

Question 34

pupil \<2mm in diameter

Answer 34

mitotic pupil

Question 35

pupil \> 6mm in diameter

Answer 35

mydriatic pupil

Question 36

if CN III (oculomotor) is not functioning, the pupil will

Answer 36

dilate

Question 37

when a patient is asked to look at a distant object, the pupil's

Answer 37

widen (get far)

Question 38

when a pencil is placed 4-6" from patients eye and is told to focus upon it, what should happen

Answer 38

eyes converge pupils constrict lens thicken (should ask them to read pencil)

Question 39

having a patient look a far, then suddenly focus upon a close object is called

Answer 39

testing for accommodation

Question 40

what reflex is tested in ascessing for abnormal pupillary responses

Answer 40

pupillary light reflex

Question 41

what are the two categories when reporting/testing pupillary light reflexes

Answer 41

direct consensual

Question 42

L direct in PLR tests what CN

Answer 42

L II L III

Question 43

L consensual in PLR tests what CN

Answer 43

R II L III

Question 44

R direct in PLR tests what CN

Answer 44

R II R III

Question 45

R consensual in PLR tests what CN

Answer 45

L II R III

Question 46

case: R direct PLR is not responsive. L direct and L consenual are responsive. What is status of R consensual response and where is lesion?

Answer 46

R consensual is not resposive, R III