Lecture 1: Femoral Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superior, medial, and lateral borders of the Femoral Triangle?

A

Superior Border: Inguinal Ligament (forms the base)

Medial Border: Adductor Longus Muscle

Lateral Border: Sartorius Muscle

Apex formed where Adductor Longus and Sartorius cross

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2
Q

What makes up the floor of the Femoral Triangle?

A

Iliacus and Psoas muscles (more lateral)

Pectineus Muscle (more medial)

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3
Q

What makes up the roof of the Femoral Triangle?

A

Fascia Lata: Deep fascia of thigh

Cribiform Fascia: superficial to fascia lata

Subcutaneous Tissue: fat

Skin

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4
Q

What is the retroinguinal space?

A

Space deep to inguinal ligament and is divided into two compartments

Muscular Compartment: Iliopsoas Muscle and Femoral Nerve

Vascular Compartment: Femoral Artery and Vein + Lymph Vessels

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5
Q

Where does the Femoral Nerve first form?

A

Within the Psoas Minor Muscle

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6
Q

What muscles does the Femoral Nerve supply?

A
  1. Illiacus Muscle
  2. Quadraceps Femoris (all four heads)
  3. Sartorius Muscle
  4. Pectineus Muscle (even though it is an adductor and part of medial compartment)
    * Basically all anterior thigh muscles*
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7
Q

What spinal roots contribute to the Femoral Nerve?

A

L2-L4

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8
Q

What does the Femoral Nerve cutaneously innervate?

A

Anterior Thigh

Part of Medial Thigh

Medial aspect of lower leg and ankle (as Saphenous Nerve)

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9
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

What are its compartments?

A

Femoral sheath encloses femoral vessels deep to fascia lata

Lateral Compartment: Femoral Artery

Middle Compartment: Femoral Vein

Medial Compartment (Femoral Canal): Lymphatic Structures

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10
Q

What gives rise to the Femoral Artery?

Where can you first see it?

A

From the External Iliac Artery

-First seen deep to Inguinal ligament, halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle

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11
Q

In Cardiac Catheterization procedures, what vasculature can be used to look at the heart muscles, chambers, and valves?

A

Femoral Artery and Femoral Vein

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12
Q

What is the difference between Femoral ring and canal?

A

The Femoral Ring is the opening to the Femoral Canal

Where we find lymph structures

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13
Q

What is a Femoral Hernia?

Is it more common in men or women?

A

Loop of intestine goes through Femoral Ring into Femoral Canal, forming a swelling in the upper part of the thigh

-Below and lateral to pubic tubercle

More common in women

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14
Q

What is an Inguinal Hernia?

Is it more common in men or women?

A

GI tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles

-Above and medial to pubic tubercle

More common in men

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15
Q

Where does the Saphenous Nerve branch off from?

A

Femoral Nerve

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16
Q

What are some of the branches of the Femoral Artery?

Hint: Introduced to 7 in this lecture

A

​Important:

  • Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery: Head and neck of the femur
  • Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery: Lateral thigh muscles
  • Profunda Femoris: Hip join and three muscular compartments of thigh

Others:

  • Superficial Epigastric Artery: supplies anterior abdominal wall/skin
  • Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery: Lateral Thigh
  • External Pudendal Artery: External Genitalia and Anal Canal
17
Q

What muscles and muscle groups are supplied by the Perforating Branches of the Deep Femoral Artery?

What compartment is each muscle in?

A
  1. Vastus Lateralis (Anterior Compartment)
  2. Adductor Magnus - Hamstring Portion (Medial Compartment)
  3. True Hamstrings (Posterior Compartment)
18
Q

What branch of the Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery supplies some blood to the Head of the Femur?

A

The Ascending Branch

19
Q

What provides the primary blood supply to the head and neck of the femur?

A

Posterior Retinacular Branches of the Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

Acetabular branch of Obturator Artery can povide blood supply to ligament of head of femur

20
Q

What provides blood supply to the body of the Femur?

A

Perforating Branches of the Deep Femoral Artery

21
Q

The Great Saphenous Vein passes though the _____ to join the femoral vein

A

Saphenous Hiatus

22
Q

What regions of the lower extremity are drained by the Great Saphenous Vein?

A

Medial Thigh

Medial Leg

Dorsum of the Foot

23
Q

What might be damaged by a “cutdown” into the Great Saphenous Vein?

A

The Saphenous Nerve

24
Q

Where are the Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes?

Where does it receive lymph from?

A

Inside the Femoral Canal and medial to Femoral Nerve

-Lymph comes from deep lymph vessels of lower limb, perineal region, and efferent vessels from Superficial Inguinal lymph nodes

25
Q

Where do the Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes drain into?

A

Into the External Iliac Lymph Nodes

26
Q

What provides sensation to area 4?

A

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

27
Q

What provides sensation to area 5?

A

Cutaneous Branch of the Femoral Nerve

28
Q

What provides sensation to area 6?

A

Cutaneous Branch of the Obturator Nerve

29
Q

What provides sensation to area 7?

A

Saphenous Nerve