Lecture 1: Forms and Routes

Question 1

Dosage form

Answer 1

-physical drug product form that is marketed for use
-specific forms sometimes needed for stability or short action time

Question 2

Tablets and capsules

Answer 2

-stable
-accurate
-easy and affordable
-some use taste masking and controlled release

Question 3

Tablet and Capsules suitability

Answer 3

-NOT for infants and children
-NOT for non-oral medications

Question 4

Intravenous (IV) solution

Answer 4

-fast action
-expensive
-inconvenient (needs nurse)
-needle

Question 5

IV solution suitability

Answer 5

-FOR drugs sensitive to GI tract
-FOR patients that cant swallow

Question 6

Transdermal Patches

Answer 6

local treatment

Question 7

transdermal patches mechanism

Question 8

Intranasal Spray

Answer 8

-local
-can be used for systemic drug delivery

Question 9

Intranasal spray mechanism

Question 10

Nicotine

Answer 10

can be formulated to be administered by several routes (patch, spray, ex)

Question 11

Medical Device

Answer 11

instrument that is not dependent on chemicals or being metabolized

Question 12

Inhalers

Answer 12

medical device with vapor dosage form

Question 13

Dosage form classification

Answer 13

physical form or route of administration

Question 14

physical form

Answer 14

tablet, capsule, suspension, solution, patch

Question 15

Route of administration

Answer 15

-injection, inhalation, oral, topical, nasal, vaginal
-extravascular except IV

Question 16

Absorption Phase

Answer 16

-take up of drugs from extravascular routes (not injection)

Question 17

Solid forms

Answer 17

-most common
-tablets and capsules

Question 18

Liquid forms

Answer 18

-liquids (solutions, suspensions, emulsions)
-topical (ointment, cream, gel, patch)
-gases (aerosols, anesthetics)
-more important in hospitals

Question 19

Why are dosage forms important

Answer 19

it’s what is dispensed and it’s what the patient takes

Question 20

Dosage forms

Answer 20

taken instead of pure chemical

Question 21

Functions of Dosage forms

Answer 21

-provide accurate dose
-protect stability
-protect from gastric juice/ dissolution
-mask bad taste and odor
-control release

Question 22

Dosage form regulations

Answer 22

-manufactured by drug companies
-most important part of drug product
-regulated by FDA and others
-dispensed by pharmacists

Question 23

What’s in a dosage form

Answer 23

API (drug) and excipients

Question 24

API

Answer 24

active pharmaceutical ingredients aka. drug

Question 25

excipients

Answer 25

-inactive ingredients -binders, buffers, stabilizers, sweetening

Question 26

GRAS compounds

Answer 26

-Generally Regarded as Safe -excipients regarded as food additives -exempt from FD&C Act food additive tolerance requirement

Question 27

ADME

Answer 27

1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Excretion

Question 28

Absorption

Answer 28

-drug from site of administration entering circulation -instant for IVs

Question 29

Distribution

Answer 29

-into various tissues including sites of metabolism, excretion, and site of action

Question 30

Metabolism

Answer 30

-biotransformation of drug into other chemical entities/metabolites

Question 31

Exrection

Answer 31

metabolic products eliminated from body