Lecture 1 Heredity - Definitions

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and is the carrier of Genetic information

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

A threadlike structure of nucleic acid and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells which carries genetic information in the form of genes

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

A gene is a fundamental unit of heredity that determines a certain trait

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

A variant form of a gene

Question 5

Dominant

Answer 5

A dominant trait or gene overpowers and influences another trait which is recessive

Question 6

Recessive

Answer 6

A recessive trait or gene needs to be expressed in a homozygous condition in order for the trait to be expressed

Question 7

Homozygote

Answer 7

An individual possessing two identical alleles of a particular gene

Question 8

Heterozygote

Answer 8

An individual possessing two different alleles of a particular gene giving rise to variation

Question 9

Hemizygote

Answer 9

A diploid individual with only one allele at a given locus instead of typical two alleles

Question 10

Mendelion Inheritance

Answer 10

The manner by which Genes and traits are passed from parents to their children

Question 11

Haplotype

Answer 11

A group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent

Question 12

Haplogroup

Answer 12

A genetic population group of people who share a common ancestor on the paternal and maternal lines