Lecture 1: History Of Osteopathic Medicine

Question 1

What is A.T. Still’s full name?

Answer 1

Andrew Taylor Still

Question 2

When was A.T. Still born?

Answer 2

August 6, 1828

Question 3

Where was A.T. Still born?

Answer 3

Jonesville, Virginia - Lee County

Question 4

What were AT Still’s parents names?

Answer 4

Martha & Abram

Question 5

Abram Still - profession

Answer 5

farmer
Methodist minister
Physician

Question 6

What was the dominant system of medicine in late 18th century through much of 19th century

Answer 6

Heroic medicine

Question 7

What did heroic medicine consist of

Answer 7

Bloodletting
Purging stomach and bowels
Use of calomel and other poisonous compounds

Question 8

What was the point of bloodletting

Answer 8

Relieve tension in blood vessels

Question 9

Because Abram Still was a Methodist Minister, they moved. Where to?

Answer 9

Tennessee, then Missouri

Question 10

When was AT’s first experience with osteopathy? What happened?

Answer 10

Age 10

Rope on neck - headache gone

Question 11

Who was AT’s 1st wife

Answer 11

Mary Vaughn

Question 12

When did AT’s father minister to Indians

Answer 12

1852

Question 13

What type of Indians did Abram work with? Where?

Answer 13

Shawnee

Kansas

Question 14

When did AT’s medical career begin? Where?

Answer 14

1854

Kansas

Question 15

Who were AT’s first patients

Answer 15

Shawnee Indians

Question 16

What was Still’s training

Answer 16

Apprenticeship with father

Question 17

Who were the 4 people who challenged orthodox medicine in the 19th century

Answer 17

Samuel Thomson
Samuel Hahnemann
Sylvester Graham
Franz Mesmer

Question 18

Samuel Thomson

Answer 18

Disease was caused from bad heat response

You should vomit / sweat it out

Question 19

Samuel Hahnemann

Answer 19

Believed the best drug to cure the disease is one that caused the symptoms of the disease in a normal person
“Like cures like”
Homeopathy; showed some results

Question 20

Sylvester Graham

Answer 20

If you follow nature’s laws, you’ll feel better
Get rest, fresh air, exercise, decrease amount of excessive food/drink
No meat, no eggs, no pastries/coffee/tea/improper dress/sexual promiscuity
Graham cracker - curb sexual appetite

Question 21

Franz Mesmer

Answer 21

“Invisible fluid” in body - when it’s unbalanced/disturbed/blocked, it would cause disease
It was called “animal magnetism” - used magnets to balance it
Midwest: magnets were everywhere
Seances in big open areas
“Mesmerized”

Question 22

What were the pivotal years for AT

Answer 22

1859 - 1874

Question 23

1860

Answer 23

AT married Mary Turner - second wife

Question 24

1861

Answer 24

AT in Civil War (Union - Methodist)

Question 25

February 1864

Answer 25

3 of AT’s kids die from spinal meningitis

Question 26

1867

Answer 26

Still’s dad dies from pneumonia

Question 27

How did AT study anatomy

Answer 27

Raided graves of Native American Indians | Read as many anatomy books as he could find

Question 28

AT’s fascination with ______ is related to his love for osteopathy

Answer 28

Machines | “Man as a machine”

Question 29

Date that Still rejected traditional medicine and developed his concepts of osteopathy “He flung to the breeze the banner of Osteopathy”

Answer 29

June 22, 1874

Question 30

AT’s work in Missouri

Answer 30

``` Kirksville Magnetic healer (1875) Used bonesetting (“lightning bone setter”) (1883) ```

Question 31

AT’s vision of health

Answer 31

Health is maintained by unobstructed blood flow and impulses of nerves Removal of obstacles through manipulation

Question 32

1st school of osteopathy

Answer 32

October 1892 in Kirksville, MO | American school of Osteopathy

Question 33

Who taught at ASO

Answer 33

William Smith - anatomy

Question 34

First ASO class

Answer 34

21 people Ages 18-65 At least 5 women in class

Question 35

Still’s lecturing style

Answer 35

Analogy and parable

Question 36

3 competitors to osteopathy

Answer 36

Boneopaths (specific to bone) Neuro-osteopaths (also work on nervous system) Chiropractic (D.D. Palmer)

Question 37

First state to license DO

Answer 37

Vermont

Question 38

Last state to license DO

Answer 38

Mississippi

Question 39

In late 1800’s - early 1900’s

Answer 39

Many osteopathic schools opened | “An atomic engineers”

Question 40

AOA formed in Kirksville in ___ for

Answer 40

Education Legislation Publication 1897

Question 41

AT Still dies

Answer 41

Dec 12, 1917

Question 42

When did MD and DO get same length of studies

Answer 42

1920

Question 43

Broad v lesion osteopaths

Answer 43

Broad: wanted to be fully licensed physicians Lesion: only wanted OPP

Question 44

Influenza pandemic of 1918-19 - saw increase in

Answer 44

Use of OMT (osteopathic manipulative treatment)

Question 45

By 1927, ______ taught at all schools

Answer 45

Pharm

Question 46

Why did standards increase in MD and DO

Answer 46

Flexner Report: 1910 | Closed a lot of schools

Question 47

Why did # osteopathic hospitals increase in 1920s/40s

Answer 47

Because patients couldn’t see MD doctors - went to war DO couldn’t enlist Decrease in OMT

Question 48

1950s and 60s

Answer 48

DO’s wanted autonomy Missouri - can practice in all hospitals 57 - DO can practice in armed forces 66 - first DO in armed services as medical officer

Question 49

Why were Cali DOs frustrated

Answer 49

Lack of state support | Poor clinical training facilities

Question 50

Merger in Cali

Answer 50

Between Calif Med Assoc & Calif Osteopathic Assoc | July 1961

Question 51

Side effects of Cali merger

Answer 51

Over 2,000 DOs got MD Weekend course, $65 Couldn’t tell people they used to be DO