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Lecture 1 Importance Of Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of small living things
called microorganisms?

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Microbiology derived from three Greek words:

A

Micros - study
Bios - life
Logus - study

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3
Q

Too small cannot be seen by the naked eye?

A

Microbiology

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4
Q

Its broadest meaning is the science which deals
which the study of all kinds of microorganisms

A

Microbiology

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5
Q

Examples of microorganisms?

A

True bacteria, Mycoplasma, Archaea,
Microscopic Fungi (Yeasts and Molds), Protozoa,
Microscopic Algae, Virus, Viroids, Prions and
Microscopic Worms (eg. Nematodes)

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6
Q

Usually applied to pathogenic forms of any
microorganism but especially to disease producing
bacteria?

A

Microbe and Germ

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7
Q

Synonymous with bacterial
infection?

A

Microbe and Germ

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8
Q

Single celled (unicellular), prokaryotic
microscopic organisms

A

BACTERIA/
Eubacteria (True Bacteria)

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9
Q

Basic shapes of Bacterial Cell

A

Cocci-Spherical
Bacilli-Ros-shape
Spirillium-Spiral

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10
Q

Arrangememts of Cocci

A

Coccus
Diplococci
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Sarcina
Tetrad

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11
Q

Shape of Bacillus subtilis

A

Rod- shape

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12
Q

Shape of Escherichia coli

A

Rod-shape

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13
Q

Shape of Streptococcus aures

A

Spherical

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14
Q

Shape of Leptospira enterrogans

A

Spiral- spirillum

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15
Q

Are also single celled (unicellular)
prokaryotic microorganisms but live in
extreme/harsh environments

A

Archaea/
Archaeobacteria

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16
Q

Extreme/harsh environments ( are also called?

A

Extremophiles

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17
Q

Methane gas producing bacteria?

A

Methanobacterium

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18
Q

Examples of eubacteria (true bacteria)?

A

B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aures
L. enterrogans

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19
Q

Examples of Archea/ Archeobacteria?

A

Methanobacterium
And Halobacterium

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20
Q

Eukaryotic, unicellular, microscopic microorganisms

A

Protozoa

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21
Q

Examples of Protozoa?

A

Amoeba
Paramecium
Trypanosoma

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22
Q

• Eukaryotic
• unicellular, colonial or multicellular

A

Microscopic Algae

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23
Q

Example of microscopic algae?

A

Navicula(diatoms)- unicellular
Volvox- unicellular but colonial
Spirogyra - multicellular

24
Q

It belongs to microscopic fungi, eukaryotic
and unicellular?

25
–Eukaryotic but multicellular microscopic fungi.
Molds
26
Sexual spore of molds?
Zygospre
27
Asexual spore of molds?
Sporangium with sporangiospore
28
Species of yeast that has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
29
Parts of molds such as Rhizopus?
Sporangium with sporangiospore Germinating spore Stolon Rhizoids Zygospore
30
feathery filaments that make up multicellular fungi.
Hyphae
31
spores are formed by the fusion of two haploid nuclei and result in gametangia. The gametangia produce a zygote and later the zygote forms the ________
Zygospore
32
• Noncellular/acellular • Ultramicroscopic • obligate parasites
Viruses, Viroids and Prions
33
Contain nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA (but not both), and a protein coat, which encases the nucleic acid.
Viruses
34
Contains single stranded RNA/composed entirely of RNA?
Viroids
35
• Noncellular/acellular • obligate parasite And it contains a modified protein (PrPSc).
Prions
36
Units used in microscopic measurement?
Micrometer and Nanometer
37
Units used in microscopic measurement used for molds, yeasts, true bacteria
Micrometer
38
Units used in microscopic measurement used foro smaller bacteria, phytoplasma, viruses and viroids.
Nanometer
39
Causal organism of Bubonic Plague Black Plague/Black Death in Europe
Caused by bacteria Yersenia pestis.
40
Casual organism of smallpox
Caused two airborne virus variants, (Variola major) and (Variola minor).
41
Casual organism of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
42
Causal organism of hepatitis B?
Caused by Hepatitis B virus
43
Causal organism of Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus
44
Causal organism of SARS-COV-2 ( COVID- 19)
SARS-COV-2 ( COVID- 19) virus
45
Symptoms of covid-19
• Fever • Dry cough • Tiredness • Loss of smell and taste • Sore throat • Diarrhea in some • Pneumonia
46
Beneficial microbes in medicine (molds)
Penicillium spp. and Cephalosporium and actinomycetes
47
Beneficial microbes in agriculture
• Nitrogen fixing bacteria Rhizobium • Microbial antagonists of plant pathogens- eg. Trichoderma spp., Bacillus subtilis, etc. • Rumen microorganisms • Mycorrhiza
48
Beneficial microbes in the environment
–eg.Decompose organic waste, bioremediation
49
Beneficial microbes in food and industry
• Yeasts used in the leavening of bread • Lactobacillus spp. in yoghurt and yakult • Yeast in alcohol production • M.o. and biofuels
50
Examples of Microorganisms in biotechnology and genetic engineering
Bt.Corn production
51
Who discovered that Bacteria as the source of gene/genome editing system CRISPR- CAS9
German scientist -Emmanuelle Charpentier and American scientist-Jennifer Doudna)- current Nobel prize awardee
52
Father of Microbiology
Louis Pasteur
53
Study of Fungi?
Mycology
54
Study of algae?
Phycology
55
Types of viruses and organic molecules
Viruses: 1.Mimivirus 2.Herpes simplex 3.Rabies 4.HIV 5.Influenza 6.Adenovirus 7.T2 bacteriophage 8.Poliomyelitis 9.Yellow fever Organic molecules 10.Hemoglobin molecules

Microbiology (8 decks)

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