Lecture 1: Intro to study of disease

Question 1

Morbid anatomy

Answer 1

Study of diseased organs and tissues
- visible
- post-mortem
- gross examination.

Question 2

Histopathology

Answer 2

The microscopic study of tissues - morphology and architecture
Histology - tissues
Cytology - cells

Question 3

Anatomical pathology

Answer 3

• Clinical/hospital pathology
• Macro and microscopic study of disease
• observational science

Question 4

General pathology

Answer 4

• mechanisms of disease
• study of processes underlying disease conditions
• experimental science

Question 5

Aetiology

Answer 5

Cause or origin of disease

Question 6

Pathogenesis

Answer 6

Mechanism of disease development

Question 7

cyto-

Answer 7

related to cells
i.e. Cytotoxicity

Question 8

dys-

Answer 8

disordered
i.e. dysplasia

Question 9

hyper-

Answer 9

more than normal
i.e. hyperplasia

Question 10

hypo-

Answer 10

less than normal
i.e. hypothyroidism

Question 11

leuko-

Answer 11

white
i.e. leukocyte

Question 12

meta-

Answer 12

change of one state into another
i.e. metaplasia

Question 13

neo-

Answer 13

new
i.e. neoplasia

Question 14

-aemia

Answer 14

relating to blood
i.e. anaemia

Question 15

-cytosis

Answer 15

increase number of cells (in blood)
i.e. leukocytosis

Question 16

-itis

Answer 16

inflammatory process
i.e. appendicitis

Question 17

-oid

Answer 17

resemblance to something
i.e. epithelioid

Question 18

-oma

Answer 18

swelling or growth
i.e. atheroma

Question 19

-opathy

Answer 19

diseased state
i.e. adenopathy

Question 20

-osis

Answer 20

state or condition
i.e. acidosis

Question 21

-penia

Answer 21

lack of something
i.e. lymphopenia

Question 22

-plasia

Answer 22

growth disorder
i.e. anaplasia, metaplasia

Question 23

What is crohn’s disease

Answer 23

Inflammatory bowel disease which first appears in young adults

Question 24

What are some symptoms o crohn’s disease

Answer 24

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, fatigue, blood in stood

Question 25

Histological features of Crohn’s disease

Answer 25

Affected areas are inflamed with leukocytes, crypts from repeated inflammation and regeneration, noncaseating granuloma.

Question 26

What is granuloma

Answer 26

aggregation of macrophages

Question 27

Aetiology of Crohn’s disease

Answer 27

Genetic susceptibility, pathogenic variant of NOD2, a receptor which recognises bacterial products and eliminates invaded bacteria, altered communities of gut flora, environmental actors such as NSAIDs, diet, hygiene, overactive immune system responses, Th1 and Treg cells.