Lecture 1 - Introduction

Question 1

Davies et al - 2010

Answer 1

“Criminal Justice is about society’s formal response to crime […] actions taken by a number of agencies in response to a specific crime or criminal or crime in general.”

Question 2

Institutions - LCCYP

Answer 2

• Law Enforcement - police, prosecuting agencies.
• Crime Prevention - inter-agency activity.
• Courts - pre-trial detention; adjudication; sentencing; appeals.
• Youth Justice
• Penal System - probation, prisons and other agencies.

Question 3

Why do we have these institutions - as a form of governance.

Answer 3

• A means of imposing social order.
• A way of managing risk.
• A mechanism for resolving disputes.

Question 4

England and Wales criminal justice system - adapted from (Walklate, 2011)

Answer 4

• Ministry of Justice - e.g. criminal law, criminal courts, prisons, etc…
• Home Office - e.g. security and counter-terrorism, policing, etc…
• Attorney General - e.g. director of public prosecution, cps service, etc…

Question 5

How do Scholars seek to make sense of the criminal process, identify its goals and assess its fulfilment?

Answer 5

Construct models.

Question 6

Due process model

Answer 6

Justice
- Equality/rights of suspects.
- Presumption of innocence.
- Restraint of arbitrary power (e.g. police)

Question 7

Crime control model

Answer 7

Punishment
- Conviction of the guilty a priority.
- Extensive powers for police.
- High conviction rates.

Question 8

Rehabilitation model

Answer 8

Focuses on re-educating and retraining offenders to reintegrate into society and reduce reoffending

Question 9

Bureaucracy model

Answer 9

This model emphasizes maintaining a:

• Structured,
• Hierarchical system to control crime,
• With a focus on legal procedures and administrative processes.