Lecture 1- Introduction Flashcards

Question

short

Answer 1

◦Bone as long as wide ◦Tarsals ◦Work together to give a range of movement ◦Gives points of attachment to for ligaments and tendons

Answer 2

intramembranous ossification ◦For protection ◦Skull ◦Sternum

Answer 3

◦Protects tendons ◦E.g. patella ◦Shaped like a sesame seed

Answer 4

Areas where bones are close to the surface (called "bony prominences") and areas that are under the most pressure are at greatest risk for developing pressure sores.

Answer 5

* Their size tells us about the muscle that attaches to it * Small- not a powerful muscle that attaches * If big site- must be a powerful muscle that attaches

Answer 6

related to nerves - impression on bones- no free space in body

Answer 7

each bone has multiple blood supply

Answer 8

thicker in dominant arm/ leg • very dynamic ◦Due to osteoclasts and blasts

Answer 9

Connects one bone to another * Great variation in range of movement * Highest risk of dislocation * Range of movement versus stability

Answer 10

- fibrous - cartilaginous - synovial joints

Answer 11

◦Two bones glued to eachother using collagen ◦Won’t move very much ◦For areas that need great stability and strands e.g. teeth and skull

Answer 12

◦Glue is cartilage (more flexib;e than pure collagen fibres) ‣ Limited mobility (more than fibrous) ‣ Found at end of growing bones or along the midline of the body ◦Sites of growth e.g. epiphyseal plate

Answer 13

◦Separates bones are capped by smooth articulate cartilage with a thin film of synovial fluid separating them ‣ Secreted by synovial membrane ◦Like egg white ◦Frequently highly mobile ◦Found all over the skeleton

Answer 14

plane joint hinge joint pivot saddle condyloid ball and socket

Answer 15

Two flat surfaces sliding over eachother ‣ E.g. in the foot (tarsals)

Answer 16

◦Moving in a single plane ◦E.g. elbow

Answer 17

rotational

Answer 18

◦Between thumb and carpal ◦Constrained motion ◦Two different planes of movement

Answer 19

◦In the wrist ◦Eclipse shaped joint ◦Alllows flexion and extension ◦No rotation of the the wrist

Answer 20

◦Hip and shoulder ◦Round head of femur moving into another joint ◦Allows movement in many planes

Answer 21

Arise form cartilage models of bone (hyaline) 1) Where joints form a load of chondrocytes die and leave a gap 2) Perichodnrium remains and forms the capsule of the joint and contributes to

Answer 22

- first-class lever - second-class lever - third-class lever

Answer 23

Mechanical advantage Ardvark long olecranon * On the right * For strength for digging Sloth- short olecranon * Don’t need as much strength

Answer 24

stationary proximal anchord pointt

Answer 25

mobile distal attachment point

Answer 26

Muscle contraction is symmetrical exerting equal force on origin and insertion

Answer 27

PULL THEY CANNOT PUSH

Answer 28

joints they cross

Answer 29

orientation of its fibres of those fibres to the joints

Answer 30

◦Muscle work together and almost NEVER in isolation ‣ CNS coordinates

Answer 31

Concentric concraction Eccentric contraction Isometric contraction

Answer 32

muscle pull while shortening (e..g bicep curls)

Answer 33

Muncle puls while lengthening (knee extensors walking downhill)

Answer 34

muscle pulls while staying same length (carrying a load)

Answer 35

1) shortens 2) lengthens 3) stays the same always pullling

Answer 36

``` within fascia (deep) compartments ◦The muscles within a compartment share a common innervation and action (generally) ``` ◦Same nerve supply and blood supply ◦Just need to learn one nerve

Answer 37

parallel fusiform sphincter triangular pennate

Answer 38

lengthen and not always that powerful

Answer 39

◦Can fit in more muscle fibres ◦More powerful

Answer 40

◦Parallel muscle bent into a circle ◦To close things ‣ Eye ‣ Anus

Answer 41

◦Deltoid ◦Gives more diversity in action

Answer 42

Can’t shorten (as much as parallel) much but have loads fo muscle fibres meaning they are very powerful

Answer 43

where does it attach? how many joints does it cross? how is it related to the joints? what direction do the fibres run in?

Answer 44

All physically connected to eachother Continuity between periosteum, joint capsule, tendon, epimysium and bone collagen matrix

Answer 45

subcutaneous fat

Answer 46

epimysium of muscle

Answer 47

fascia lataa - deep dascia

Answer 48

• parallel collagen fibres connecting muscles to bones

Answer 49

* Connects bone to bone * Develops from perichondrium * Usually thickening of the connective tissue * Limit movement

Answer 50

Flattened tendon (sheet like) in the head Abdominal wall (no muscle- richi collagen) Plantar fascia (plantar aponeurosis)

Answer 51

the innervation of joints is the same as the muscle and skin over the sites of insertion

Answer 52

• some people have 6 lumbar instead of 5

Answer 53

extra-fingers- polydactyl

Answer 54

extra cervical rib --\>man compress vessels/ nerves

Answer 55

out 90 decreases

Answer 56

in 90 degrees