Lecture 1 - Introduction to cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the basic functions of the CVS?
Homeostasis
Deliver products for respiration and cellular activity - o2 and nutrients
Remove by-products of cellular activity + CO2 and waste
Describe the arrangement of blood vessels in the CVS
Aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillary bed - venules - veins- Superior and inferior vena cava
What are the components of the CVS?
Pump - specialised muscle
Closed system of tubes - carry bloody to and from cpa
What are the 2 systems of circulation
pulmonary and systemic
What are the 2 functional parts?
conducting and exchange
What is the conducting system?
Vasculature
arteries take blood away from the heart
veins - take blood to the heart
What is the Exchange system?
Capillary beds
Link smallest arterioles to smallest venules
Forms a continuous exchange system between blood and extracellular fluid
What does the RA do?
receives deoxygenated blood from the SVC and IVC and pumps it to the RV .
What does the RV do?
Pumps deoxygenated blood through Pulmonary trunk to lungs for oxygenation
What do the pulmonary veins do?
they bring oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium
What does the Left Ventricle do?
Receives blood from LA and pumps blood into Aorta for circulation in the body.
What muscle does the wall of the right atrium have?
pectinate muscle and a border called crista terminalis which separates smooth from rough
What structure can remain patent?
fossa ovalis remnant of foramen ovale
What are the branches of the Aorta?
Brachiocephalic trunk - splits into the right subclavian and right common carotid
Left common carotid
left subclavian
What do the carotid arteries supply?
the head
what supply the upper limbs
the subclavian arteries
Describe the branching of the coronary arteries
2 - left and right
right coronary artery
Left branches into - left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery and left marginal artery
Right branches off into a right posterior inter-ventricular artery and a right marginal artery
What does sudden blockage of coronary arteries lead to?
ischaemia - reduced blood supply
Outline the different branches of the descending aorta
- ventral unpaired arteires to GI tract eg coeliac trunk
- Paired, arteries to paired internal organs (eg. kidneys/gonads)
- Paired, segmental arteries to body wall (eg intercostal arteries)
Where does collateral circulation develop?`
Between intercostal and internal thoracic arteries
Aorta passes through and divides where?
T12 and L4
Which 2 arteries supply the limbs
Upper limb - subclavian
Lower limb - external iliac
Clinical important of limb veins:
Superficial veins ?
Deep veins ?
Superficial veins - coronary bypass
Deep veins - Deep vein thrombosis
What is a varicosed vein?
Due to abnormal blood flow, due to a deformed valve, the vein becomes dilated as there is a regurgitation of blood and this causes bulging of the vein and skin.
