Lecture 1: Introduction to Immunity and Inflammation

Question 1

What are the three “Rs” of the Immune system function?

Answer 1

Protect self from diverse array of pathogens (non-self) and pathologies

Question 2

recognize

Answer 2

recognition of the intruders

Question 3

respond

Answer 3

eliminate or neutralize the threat

Question 4

remember

Answer 4

memory enables quicker response in future encounters

Question 5

Antigen (Ag) - f

Answer 5

oreign proteins that stimulate an immune response

Question 6

Antibody (Ab) -

Answer 6

immuno-reactive protein made in response to exposure to foreign Ag

Question 7

Pathogen -

Answer 7

disease-causing microorganism

Question 8

Lymphocytes

Answer 8

B-cells and T-cells

Question 9

B-lymphocytes (B-cells)

Answer 9

NAME?

Question 10

T-lymphocytes (T-Cells)

Answer 10

NAME?

Question 11

Phagocytes

Answer 11

NAME?

Question 12

Macrophages

Answer 12

cell that ingests pathogens and cellular debris and presents antigens to Th-cells

Question 13

Neutrophils

Answer 13

ingests pathogens and cellular debris, but do not present antigens to Th-cells

Question 14

T-cells come from what?

Answer 14

thymus

Question 15

B-cells come from what?

Answer 15

bone marrow

Question 16

What are the two basic types of immunity?

Answer 16

Innate and adaptive

Question 17

Innate Immunity

Answer 17

NAME?

Question 18

Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity

Answer 18

-True Immunity

Question 19

First line: Non-specific (Barriers)

Answer 19

Resisting the environment

Question 20

skin as a first line barrier

Answer 20

Physical & chemical (oil retards, sweat/tears kill)

Question 21

digestive as a first line barrier

Answer 21

HCl kills, intestinal bacteria compete

Question 22

respiratory as a first line barrier

Answer 22

nostril hair & mucus trap potential pathogens

Question 23

tears contain what?

Answer 23

bacteriolytic agent ‘lysozyme’

Question 24

Sweat contain what?

Answer 24

bacteriocidal agent ‘dermcidin’

Question 25

Second line: Non-specific (Cellular)

Answer 25

#NAME?

Question 26

inflammation

Answer 26

Walls offender off & wbc's clean house

Question 27

phagocytes

Answer 27

-cells that kill & eat (macrophages -activate immune systems and neutrophils)

Question 28

complement proteins

Answer 28

#NAME?

Question 29

***Inflammation - Five Steps

Answer 29

1. Initial phagocytosis

Question 30

Four Hallmarks of Inflammation

Answer 30

-Redness (*rubor*, Latin)

Question 31

redness

Answer 31

rumor - histamine causes vasodilation and capillary leakage

Question 32

heat

Answer 32

calor - histamine causes vasodilation and capillary leakage - cells generate heat as they eat

Question 33

swelling

Answer 33

tumor - histamine causes vasodilation and capillary leakage (edema)

Question 34

pain

Answer 34

dolor - Neural receptors stimulated by kinins, NOT histamine

Question 35

4 types of phagocytosis

Answer 35

#NAME?

Question 36

chemotaxis and phagocytosis

Answer 36

Cytokines cause cells to move from blood to tissues

Question 37

neutrophils and phagocytosis

Answer 37

-arrive within 1 hr

Question 38

macrophages and phagocytosis

Answer 38

arrive within 10 hrs

Question 39

tissue macrophages and phagocytosis

Answer 39

tonsils/spleen/nodes

Question 40

Leukocyte Migration & Proliferation

Answer 40

#NAME?

Question 41

Phagocytes Secrete Cytokines

Answer 41

#NAME?

Question 42

CRP is used for what?

Answer 42

To track inflammation

Question 43

IL-1

Answer 43

Activates vascular endothelium, activates lymphocytes, damages local tissue, increases access of effector cells.

Question 44

IL-6

Answer 44

Lymphocyte activation, increased antibody production.

Question 45

IL-8

Answer 45

Chemotactic factor for leukocytes, activates neutrophils, activates leukocyte binding protein, increases access of effector cells

Question 46

TNF-a

Answer 46

Activates vascular endothelium and increases vascular permeability, which leads to increased entry of IgG, complement, and cells.

Question 47

Activated macrophages produce IL-6, which act on hepatocytes to induce what?

Answer 47

synthesis of acute-phase proteins

Question 48

ESR

Answer 48

determines inflammation

Question 49

Complement Proteins

Answer 49

-Group of ~30 proteins

Question 50

Third line : Immune System

Answer 50

Characterized by

Question 51

^Lottery winners proliferate

Answer 51

macrophages

Question 52

Macrophages: Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)

Answer 52

#NAME?

Question 53

Langerhans cells do not activate compliment or trigger inflammation

Answer 53

Langerhans cells do not activate compliment or trigger inflammation

Question 54

Every blood cells is formed where? Including T-cells

Answer 54

bone marrow

Question 55

T-cells mature where?

Answer 55

thymus

Question 56

T-Cells: Cell-Mediated Immunity

Answer 56

-Form in marrow, mature in the *Thymus*

Question 57

B-Cells: Antibody-Mediated Response

Answer 57

-Form and mature in the *Bone Marrow*

Question 58

epitope

Answer 58

piece of antigen antibodies bind to

Question 59

***Functions of Antibodies

Answer 59

-*Neutralize* & agglutinate antigens

Question 60

Natural Killer cell

Answer 60

only lymphocyte with Innate immune characteristics

Question 61

What are the five classes of antibodies?

Answer 61

IgM

Question 62

IgG

Answer 62

The most common and important antibody class. Predominates in *secondary immune responses; crosses placenta*, protects the newborn; activates complement

Question 63

IgD

Answer 63

Important as an antigen receptor on B-cells

Question 64

IgM

Answer 64

IgM is the predominant antibody in *primary immune responses*. It activates complement

Question 65

IgE

Answer 65

*Antiparasitic* and associated with *allergic diseases* such as asthma & hay fever

Question 66

IgA

Answer 66

*Crosses epithelial cells*, found primarily in secretions (breast milk, tears, saliva); important in immunity of newborns